臺灣博碩士論文加值系統

隨著運算與無線技術的進步，行動通訊已然改變現代生活形態，賦予使用者行動能力同時，使用者勢必在移動的過程遭遇於不同網路狀態中切換的行為(此行為稱為Handoff)，故行動管理為行動通訊之中最重要的議題。從過去相關研究中顯示，此種切換行為的概念根據網路分層可發生於(1)資料連結層(Data Link Layer)、(2)網路層(Network Layer)與(3)應用層(Application Layer)，然而，不論切換行為發生於哪一網路分層，經常可見運用應用層行動管理協定解決各層之切換行為。本篇論文的目的即為設計與分析應用層行動管理協定。首先調查與研究兩種應用層協定：(1)應用層任播(Application-layer Anycast)與(2) Session Initiation Protocol (SIP)；其次，個別延伸上述兩種應用層協定於處理(1)代理伺服器切換(Proxy Handoff)與(2)網路可移動性(Network Mobility)等不同網路分層之切換行為上；接著，分別運用實作與模擬的方式測試設計之應用層行動管理協定；最後，探討與歸納應用層行動管理協定之特性。

As the progress of computing and wireless techniques, mobile communication has changed the modern life style. When users become mobile, they must suffer some kind of the handoff process from one domain to another. Thus, mobility management must be the key issue of mobile communication. From the past research, the handoff process may occur in (1) data link layer, (2) network layer, or (3) application layer. Nevertheless, the handoff problem can usually be resolved using the application-layer approach no matter which layer it occurs. The goal of this dissertation is to design and analyze application-layer mobility management protocols. First, we survey and investigate two application-layer protocols, which are (1) application-layer anycast and (2) Session Initiation Protocol (SIP). Then, we utilize and extend these two application-layer protocols to solve two handoff problems occurred in different layers, which are (1) Proxy Handoff and (2) network mobility, respectively. Next, we evaluate the proposed application-layer mobility management protocols using different methods, i.e., real implementation and simulation. Finally, we discuss and conclude the characteristics of application-layer mobility management protocols.

1 Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1
1.1 L2 Handoff . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1
1.2 L3 Handoff . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2
1.3 L7 Handoff . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3
1.4 Dissertation Organization . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5

2 Preliminary . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6
2.1 Proxy Handoff . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6
2.2 Network Mobility . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9
2.3 Application-layer Protocols . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12
2.3.1 Application-layer Anycast . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12
2.3.2 Session Initiation Protocol (SIP) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13

3 Design of the Proxy Handoff Protocol . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16
3.1 Server-driven Proxy Selection Scheme . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17
3.2 Client-driven Proxy Selection Scheme . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21
3.3 Proxy Selection Policy . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . 24
3.4 Scalable Buffer Forwarding Scheme . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25

4 Performance of the Proxy Handoff Protocol . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 29
4.1 Effectiveness of Proxy Handoff . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 30
4.2 Server-driven vs. Client-driven . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 34
4.3 Comparison of Three Types of Handoffs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 34
4.4 Latency of Proxy Handoff . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 35
4.5 Anycast Metrics . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 37

5 Design of the SIP-NEMO Management Protocol . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 40
5.1 Goal and Requirements . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 40
5.2 Architecture . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 42
5.2.1 Components . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 42
5.2.2 Header Translation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 44
5.2.3 Signal Reduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 46
5.3 Route Optimization . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 47
5.3.1 Basic Route Optimization . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 48
5.3.2 Nested Route Optimization . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 50
5.3.3 Local Route Optimization . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 51

6 Performance of the SIP-NEMO Management Protocol . . . . . . . . . . . . . 52
6.1 Reachability Recovery . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 53
6.2 Optimal Route . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 55
6.3 Impact of Nesting . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 56
6.4 Message Overhead . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 57

7 Discussion . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 59

8 Conclusion . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 65

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