臺灣博碩士論文加值系統

　　探討破裂岩體及隧道之地下水流動行為時，不管在何種水力模型下，皆採用破裂面幾何參數來估計水力參數，然邊界上之破裂面露頭則控制了水流出入岩體之通道，成為影響水流通路之重要條件，在隧道湧水亦然。本研究以二維隨機離散破裂面程式TUNFLOW為基礎，以序率方法隨機產生實現值案例，統計模擬結果後分析出關係式，並應用於雪山隧道進行驗證。
　　分析結果顯示地下水流並非均勻通過破裂面網路，將在較易通過之破裂面連結形成水力路徑，故破裂面網路存在有效及無效破裂面。破裂面有效露頭比具有臨界值，通過此95%臨界值，破裂岩體之破裂面會快速達到均勻之流場。而破裂面密度、長度為控制露頭數之最大因素，且與破裂面水力參數及隧道湧水量有極佳之相關性。
　　於隧道湧水方面，在破裂面之面密度極小時，以離散破裂面模式模擬可考慮無湧水之情形。而在不同破裂面參數下，含水層之破裂面線密度小於1 (1/m)時，有效露頭數與湧水量呈現極佳線性關係，可直接由露頭數估計滲流量。本研究以有露頭數推估隧道湧水量之模式應用於雪山隧道，結果頗為符合現場量測資料。

　　Parameters of fractures are the basic components of hydraulic models in fractured rocks. However, the outcrops of fractures on the hydraulic boundary are the actual passages of inflow and outflow in fractured rocks and tunnel wall. The computer code, TUNFLOW, which base on the discrete fracture model is applied to produce random realizations and analysis the results. Then apply the result to the Syueshan tunnel to estimate.
　　The results show that groundwater will not pass all the fractures in the fracture net and the preferential path exist in partial cases. Fracture network will be uniform flow field fast when through the threshold of effective outcrop ratio is 95%.Density and trace length of fractures are the major factors to amount of the effective outcrops, which are the outcrops that groundwater passed.
　　The simulation results showed that when the density of length of fractured media is smaller than 1 (1/m), there is a positive correlation between seepage and fracture number on outcrops of the tunnel wall. When density is extremely small, the simulation results of seepage by discrete fracture model can be approach to zero. Results could be used in evaluating the groundwater surge with number of outcrops. In the case of Syueshan tunnel, the amount of seepage from simulation is very close to that form the measurement in-situ.

中文摘要 I
英文摘要 II
誌謝 III
目錄 IV
表目錄 VII
圖目錄 VIII
符號表 XI
第一章 諸論 1
1-1 前言 1
1-2 研究動機 2
1-3 研究目的 2
1-4 研究方法與流程 3
第二章 文獻回顧 4
2-1 前言 4
2-2 破裂面參數 4
2-3 破裂岩體模式 6
2-3-1 連續模式 7
2-3-2 離散模式 8
2-4 破裂岩體之隧道滲流 10
2-4-1 連續模式 10
2-4-1 離散模式 12
第三章 研究方法 14
3-1 離散破裂面模式 14
3-1-1 破裂面參數 16
3-1-2 破裂面參數性質與分布型態 17
3-2 離散破裂面模式之建立 19
3-2-1 機率分布之產生 20
3-2-2 離散破裂面模式建立過程 22
3-3 隧道湧水量估計 24
3-3-1 連續模式 24
3-3-2 離散模式 26
3-3-3 破裂面參數對隧道湧水量之影響 26
第四章 模式分析 29
4-1 有效露頭比 32
4-2 有效露頭與破裂岩體透水係數 35
4-2-1 入口數與出口數對透水係數之影響 35
4-2-2 不同破裂面參數之有效露頭數與透水係數 39
4-2-3 固定有效露頭數下透水係數之情形 43
4-3 隧道有效露頭與湧水量 48
4-3-1 Goodman公式與離散模式之比較 51
4-3-2 變化破裂面參數下隧道露頭與湧水量 54
4-3-3 固定露頭與隧道湧水 58
第五章 應用露頭於雪山隧道湧水量之估計 62
5-1 雪山隧道簡介 62
5-2 研究區地質概述 63
5-2-1 雪山隧道地質背景 63
5-2-2 沿線地質簡介 64
5-3 案例概述 66
5-4 案例分析 70
5-4-1 隧道有效露頭數之推估 70
5-4-2 以隧道露頭數推估湧水量 71
第六章 結論與建議 73
6-1 結論 73
6-2 建議 74
參考文獻 75

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