臺灣博碩士論文加值系統

本文提出應用無線射頻辨識裝置與無線感測網路於變壓器之溫度監測系統設計，其中應用無線射頻辨識技術來完成訊號的擷取記錄，並使用無線感測模組來增加各個變壓器間之資料傳輸效能，同時發展即時監測系統，並輔以圖控軟體之人機介面與資料庫配合，以逹成電力設備之溫度監測。又本文無線感測器部分係採用ZigBee之概念於資料上的傳遞，更有助於加強無線射頻辨識之實用性及提昇工程實務之應用價值，同時本文並利用影像監視識別技術，以協助相關工程人員掌握設備之安全性。而為驗證本文所提之整合方法，本文並經由模擬與量測信號予以測試，其測試結果應有助於佐證本文所提架構及採行方法之可行性。

In this thesis, the Radio Frequency IDentification (RFID) device was integrated with wireless sensor networks for temperature monitoring of electric power transformers. In the proposed system, RFID was served for the data recording, and wireless sensor network was for the data transfering. In the mean time, a man-machine interface and database were also employed and integrated such that the goal of an overall transformer temperature monitoring can be better reached. It is noted that for the part of wireless sensor network, the concept of ZigBee was implemented in anticipation of ensuring the data transfer performance. In addition, the image monitoring and identification was also included within the method such that the security can be highly enhanced. This proposed approach has been tested through simulations and real signals. Test results confirmed the feasibility of the method for the application considered.

中文摘要 I
英文摘要 II
誌 謝 III
目錄 IV
圖目錄 VII
第一章 緒論 1
1.1 研究背景 1
1.2 研究方法 2
1.3 論文架構 3
第二章 相關技術理論 4
2.1 ZigBee堆疊協定 4
2.2 無線射頻識別技術 10
2.3 影像處理相關技術 16
2.3.1 去除影像雜訊 16
2.3.2 影像輪廓擷取 18
2.3.3 影像二值化 23
2.3.4 影像輪廓追蹤 24
2.3.5 影像標籤化 25
2.3.6 影像特徵參數 28
第三章 監測系統之設計及規劃 30
3.1 無線感測網路 30
3.2影像擷取架構 35
3.2.1 視訊驅動程式 35
3.3 圖控程式語言 36
3.4 非接觸式紅外線溫度計 38
3.5 感溫元件-熱電耦 39
3.6 植於無線射頻技術、影像及無線感測網路之SCADA系統 41
第四章 系統實測結果 47
4.1 電力變壓器溫度變動監測架構 47
4.2 監測架構 52
4.3 系統實測試結果 57
4.3.1 讀取模擬訊號並轉換為相對溫度 57
4.3.2 測量室內溫度 59
4.3.3 讀取資料庫與無線射頻標籤內之資料 60
4.3.4 電力變壓器溫度實測 64
4.4 影像監測架構 70
4.5 影像監測介面 72
4.6 影像介面實測結果 75
4.6.1 影像異常變化之測試 75
4.6.2 錄影記錄資料之查詢 77
第五章 結論與未來研究方向 78
5.1 結論 78
5.2 未來研究方向 79
參考文獻 80

表目錄
表2.1 一階微分運算係數 19
表2.2 二階微分運算係數 19
表2.3 常見圖形之特徵計算 29
表3.1 Type E熱電耦溫度對應輸出電壓 41

圖目錄
圖 2.1 ZigBee Alliance、IEEE及使用者關係結構圖 5
圖 2.2 ZigBee使用之頻帶 6
圖2.3星型拓樸方式 8
圖2.4 網狀拓樸方式 9
圖2.5電流通過線圈所產生之磁場 11
圖2.6小段導體所感應之磁通密度 11
圖2.7電流環路中心點磁場 12
圖2.8環路電流於軸上所形成之磁場 13
圖2.9環型天線的磁場強度與距離關係 14
圖2.10 RFID系統示意圖 14
圖2.11 RFID Reader與RFID Tag間之感應 15
圖2.12影像中之像素示意圖 16
圖 2.13 移動平均法示意圖 17
圖2.14 中值濾波法示意圖 17
圖2.15 Prewitt運算法之標準樣板 20
圖2.16 對應Prewitt標準樣板之運算係數 21
圖2.17 影像間輪廓線追蹤 24
圖2.18 影像標籤化之流程 26
圖2.19 標籤化後之影像 27
圖3.1 ZigBee無線感測網路模組 31
圖3.2 無線模組硬體架構 32
圖3.3 模組上之溫度/溼度單元 33
圖3.4 影像架構 35
圖3.5 圖形化介面開發環境 37
圖3.6 非接觸式紅外線溫度計 38
圖3.7 熱電耦之工作原理與熱電耦之量測 39
圖3.8 變壓器監測之改進示意圖 44
圖3.9 模擬測試圖 45
圖3.10 模擬波形 46
圖4.1 電力變壓器溫度監測系統架構概念圖 47
圖4.2 電力變壓器溫量測系統之實照圖 50
圖4.3 監測架構 52
圖4.4 電腦端圖形化介面 55
圖4.5 測試讀取模擬訊號並轉換為相對溫度流程圖 57
圖4.6 輸入模擬訊號所得結果 58
圖4.7 測試室溫之結果 60
圖4.8 測試記錄動作流程 61
圖4.9 查詢A節點之歷史記錄 62
圖4.10 標示過高溫度之值與發生時間 62
圖4.11 RFID Tag資料讀取結果 63
圖4.12 電力變壓器負載變動與溫度變化實測架構 64
圖4.13 變壓器溫度實測之流程圖 65
圖4.14 實測讀取結果 68
圖4.15 非接觸式紅外線溫度計量測結果 69
圖4.16 影像擷取架構 70
圖4.17 影像處理動作流程 71
圖4.18 各功能面板 73
圖4.19 影像識別比較之結果 76
圖4.20 錄影記錄管理介面查詢記錄之結果 77

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