臺灣博碩士論文加值系統

JPEG2000，新一代的靜態影像壓縮技術，相較於JPEG，JPEG2000壓縮表現更為出色。然而，其計算複雜度遠高於JPEG。

在本論文中，我們提出一個有效率的EBC編碼架構，針對JPEG2000最複雜的位元平面編碼，本架構可以僅對平面掃瞄一次即完成編碼，如此一來處理速度便可大幅提升。此外，為了易於硬體實作，邏輯閘數目以及記憶體需求也經過縮減。

JPEG2000 is the new international standard for still image compression. It provides superior performance in terms of visual quality and PSNR compared to JPEG. However, the computational complexity of JPEG2000 is much higher than JPEG.

In this thesis, we present a efficient embedded block coding architecture for JPEG2000. For the fractional bit-plane coding, the most complicated part of JPEG2000, the architecture can process a bit-plane within one scan. This greatly improve the processing rate. Moreover, The gate counts and memory requirement are also reduced for hardware implementation.

CONTENTS

ABSTRACT
CONTENTS
LIST OF FIGURES
LIST OF TABLES

Chapter 1 Introduction 1
1.1 Motivation 1
1.2 Thesis Organization 2

Chapter 2 JPEG2000 Overview 3
2.1 Pre-Processing 4
2.1.1 Tiling 4
2.1.2 DC Level Shifting 4
2.1.3 Color Transformation 5
2.2 Discrete Wavelet Transform 6
2.2.1 Discrete Wavelet Transform for Lossy Compression 7
2.2.2 Discrete Wavelet Transform for Lossless Compression 8
2.2.3 Boundary Handling 9
2.3 Quantization 10
2.4 EBCOT Tier-1 Coding 11
2.5 EBCOT Tier-2 Coding 11


Chapter 3 Context Modeling 13
3.1 Concepts of Bit-plane and Scanning Order 13
3.2 Fractional Bit-Plane Coding 14
3.3 Coding Operations 15
3.3.1 Zero Coding (ZC) 16
3.3.2 Sign Coding (SC) 18
3.3.3 Magnitude Refinement Coding (MRC) 19
3.3.4 Run-Length Coding (RLC) 20
3.4 Previous Work 21
3.4.1 SS and GOCS Techniques 21
3.4.2 Memory-saving Techniques 23
3.4.3 Pass-parallel Techniques 25
3.4.4 Word-Level Processing Techniques 29
Chapter 4 Embedded Block Coding Architecture 34
4.1 Gobang Register Bank (GRB) and Line Buffer 35
4.2 Pass Classification (PC) Module 37
4.3 Significance Correction Module 41
4.4 Context Generation (CG) Module 42
4.4.1 Zero Coding (ZC) Module 42
4.4.2 Sign Coding (SC) Module 44
4.4.3 Magnitude Refinement Coding (MRC) Module 45
4.4.4 Run-Length Coding (RLC) Module 45
4.5 Control And Output Modules 46
4.6 Arithmetic Encoder Module 50
4.7 Comparison 51

Chapter 5 Conclusions 53

REFERENCES 54

[1] A. N. Skodras, C. A. Christopoulas, and T. Ebrahimi, “JPEG2000: The Upcoming Still Image Compression Standard,” Proceedings of the 11th Portuguese Conference on Pattern Recognition, Proto, Portugal, pp. 359-366, May 11-12 2000.

[2] A. Skodras, C. Christopoulas, and T. Ebrahimi, “The JPEG2000 Still Image Compression Standard,” IEEE Signal Processing Magazine, pp. 36-58, September 2001.

[3] C.-J. Lian, K.-F. Chen, H.-H. Chen, and L.-G. Chen, “Analysis and Architecture Design of Block-Coding Engine for EBCOT in JPEG 2000,” IEEE Trans. Circuits Syst. Video Technol., vol. 13, no. 3, pp. 219–230, Mar. 2003.

[4] D. L. Gall and A. Tabatabai, “Sub-band Coding of Digital Images Using Symmetric Short Kernel Filters and Arithmetic Coding Techniques,” Proceedings of IEEE International Conference Acoustics, Speech, and Signal Processing, Vol. 2, pp. 761-764, New York, April 1988.

[5] D. S. Taubman, “High Performance Scalable Image Compression with EBCOT,” IEEE Transaction Image Processing, Vol. 9, No. 7,pp. 1158-1170, July 2000.

[6] D. S. Taubman, E. Ordentkich, M. Weinberger, and G. Seroussi, “Embedded Blcok Coding in JPEG2000,” HPL-2001-35, HP Labs, Palo Alto, Feb. 2001.

[7] D. S. Taubman and M. W. Marcellin. JPEG2000: Image Compression Fundamentals, Standards and Practice. Kluwer Academic Publishers, MA, 2002.

[8] H.-C. Fang, T.-C. Wang, C.-J. Lian, T.-H. Chang, and L.-G. Chen, “High Speed Memory Efficient EBCOT Architecture for JPEG2000,” in Proc. IEEE Int. Symp. Circuits and Systems, vol. 2, May 2003, pp. 736-739.

[9] H.-C. Fang, T.-C. Wang, C.-J. Lian, T.-H. Chang, and L.-G. Chen, “High Speed Memory Efficient EBCOT Architecture for JPEG2000,” in Proc. IEEE Int. Symp. Circuits and Systems, vol. 2, May 2003, pp. 736-739.

[10] H.-C. Fang, Y.-W. Chang, T.-C. Wang, C.-J. Lian, and L.-G. Chen, “Parallel Embedded Block Coding Architecture for JPEG2000,” in IEEE Transaction on Circuits and Systems for video Technology, vol. 15, no.9, September 2005, pp. 1086-1097.

[11] ISO/IEC 10918 (JPEG), “Information Technology-Digital Compression and Coding of Continuous-Tone Still Images.”

[12] ISO/IEC 14492-1, “Lossy/Lossless Coding of Bi-level Images,” 2000.

[13] JPEG2000 Part I Final Committee Draft Version 1.0, ISO/IEC JTC1/SC29/WG1 N1646R, March 2000.

[14] J.-S. Chiang, Y.-S. Lin, and C.-Y. Hsieh, “Efficient pass-parallel for EBCOT in JPEG 2000,” in Proc. IEEE Int. Symp. Circuits and Systems, vol. 1, Scottsdale, AZ, May 2002, pp. 773–776.

[15] M. D. Adams and F. Kossentini, “JasPer: A Software-Based JPEG-2000 Codec Implementation,” IEEE ICIP-2000, vol. 2 pp, 53-53, Sep. 2000.

[16] T. Acharya and P.-S. Tsai. JPEG2000 standard for image compression: concepts, algorithms and VLSI architectures. Hoboken, N.J.: Wiley-Interscience, c2005.

[17] Y.-T. Hsiao, H.-D. Lin, and C.-W. Jen, “High-speed memory saving architecture for the embedded block coding in JPEG 2000,” in Proc. IEEE Int. Symp. Circuits and Systems, vol. 5, Scottsdale, AZ, May 2002, pp. 133–136.