臺灣博碩士論文加值系統

本研究的目的在於利用一套系統化的方法設計出一種沙發床之機構。首先定義沙發床，介紹沙發床的起源，蒐集沙發床機構的相關資料，分析相關專利，將沙發床機構依其開闔方式分為延展式沙發床、拉出式沙發床、及靠背向下壓式沙發床等三類，分別整理出此三類沙發床機構的演進史，比較此三類沙發床的優缺點後，並選出拉出式沙發床機構進行設計。其後，本研究應用品質機能展開法(QFD)，將定性的顧客需求轉換為可以量化的工程需求與限制，並決定出設計沙發床機構的工程目標。然後，利用一套系統化的方法進行概念設計，計合成出十五種新型機構，並利用決定矩陣法評估出一種最可行的新型機構。接著，利用向量迴路法進行位置分析，建立各運動接頭位移的數學模式，再利用最佳化方法針對此新型機構進行尺寸合成，得到可達到指定開闔位置的機構尺寸。再來，加入彈簧和鎖死裝置於所合成的沙發床機構中，並針對兩種不同彈簧配置進行力量分析及計算其機械利益。最後，進行電腦模擬及模型實作，驗證出本設計是可行的。

The purpose of this work is to design a sofa bed mechanism by a systematic approach. Firstly, the definitions of sofa beds are studied, and the origination of sofa beds are introduced. Based on the way that they are converted between sofas and beds, sofa bed mechanisms are classified into three types. Then, the development of each type of sofa bed mechanisms is addressed. By comparing the advantages of the three types sofa bed mechanisms, pull-out sofa bed mechanism is chosen for further design. The QFD method is applied to define design specifications of pull-out sofa bed mechanisms. Based on Yan’s creative mechanism design methodology, 15 feasible mechanisms are synthesized. One of the feasible mechanisms is further selected by using decision-matrix method. After that, vector loop approach is used to obtain the positions of the links. In addition, an optimization method is performed to obtain the dimensions of the links. Furthermore, springs and locking means are added, and force analysis and mechanical advantage analysis are performed. Finally, based on the developed computer animation and the built prototype, the proposed design of this work is proven to be practical and feasible.

中文摘要 (Chinese Abstract) I
英文摘要 (English Abstract) II
致謝 (Abstract) III
目錄 (Contents) IV
表目錄 (List of Tables) VII
圖目錄 (List of Figures) VIII
第一章 前言 (Introduction) 1
1-1 沙發床的定義 (Definitions of Sofa Beds) 1
1-2 沙發床的起源 (Origination of Sofa Beds) 1
1-3 動機與目的 (Motivations and Objectives) 2
1-4 論文組織架構 (Thesis Organization) 3
第二章 沙發床的分類與演進 (Classification and Development) 6
2-1 分類 (Classification) 6
2-2 演進過程 (Development) 7
2-2-1 延展式沙發床 (Studio couch) 8
2-2-2 拉出式沙發床 (Pull-out sofa bed) 12
2-2-3 靠背向下壓式沙發床 (Convertible sofa bed) 22
2-3 沙發床機構的比較 (Comparison) 29
第三章 工程需求規格訂定 (Engineering Specifications Development) 32
3-1 使用對象的區分 (Identify who the Customers are) 33
3-2 使用對象的需求 (Generate Customers’ Requirements) 33
3-3 設定需求權重 (Evaluate Competition) 34
3-4 工程需求 (Generate Engineering Specifications) 37
3-5 設定工程目標 (Set Engineering Targets) 38
第四章 概念設計 (Conceptual Design) 43
4-1 現有機構 (Existing Mechanisms) 44
4-2 一般化 (Generalization) 45
4-3 一般化運動鏈目錄 (Atlas of Kinematic Chains) 45
4-4 設計需求與限制 (Design Requirements and Constraints) 47
4-5 特殊化 (Specialization) 48
4-6 具體化 (Paricularization) 58
4-7 構想評估 (Concept Evaluation) 60
第五章 尺寸設計 (Dimension Design) 64
5-1 位移分析 (Position Analysis) 65
5-2 尺寸需求與限制 (Requirements and Constraints) 68
5-3 最佳化設計 (Optimal Design) 69
5-4 小結 (Summary) 72
第六章 力量分析 (Force Analysis) 75
6-1 彈簧配置 (Springs Disposing) 75
6-2 力量分析 (Force Analysis) 77
6-2-1 質量中心 (Mass center) 78
6-2-2 第一類彈簧配置 (First type spring disposing) 80
6-2-3 第二類彈簧配置 (Second type spring disposing) 84
6-3 機械利益 (Mechanical Advantage) 87
6-4 小結 (Summary) 89
第七章 模型實作 (Ptototyping） 92
7-1 層排列設計 (Layer Arrangement for Links) 92
7-2 桿件設計 (Link Design) 97
7-3 電腦動畫模擬 (Computer Simulation) 97
7-4 成品模型 (Prototype） 99
第八章 結論與建議 (Conclusions and Suggestions) 102
參考文獻 (References) 104
自述 (Vita) 107
著作權聲明 (Copyright Statement) 108

[1] Merrian-Webster Online, http://www.m-w.com/
[2] Summers, D. et al, Longman dictionary of English language and culture, 4th Ed., Pearson Eduaction, Chicago, p. 1285, 2000.
[3] Hornby, A. S. et al, Oxford Advanced Learner's Dictionary of Current English, 6th Ed., Oxford University Press, Harlow, p. 1227, 2000.
[4] Safra, J. E. et al, The New Encyclopaedia Britannica, Vol.2, 15th Ed., Encyclopaedia Britannica Inc, Chicago, p. 36, 2003.
[5] Encyclopaedia Britannica Online, http://www.britannica.com/
[6] Hutchison, J. A. and Leighton, E. R., Couch Bed, U.S. Patent 692,140, 1902.
[7] Wuest, E. T. et al, Couch, U.S. Patent 2,151,257, 1936.
[8] Wesley, A., Studio Couch, U.S. Patent 2,162,146, 1939.
[9] Beddawi, S. L., Sofa and Bed Combination, U.S. Patent 6,434,766, 2002.
[10] Fischrupp, G., Folding Bed, U.S. Patent 1,078,909, 1913.
[11] Bartlett, H. D., Sofa Bed, U.S. Patent 1,115,769, 1914.
[12] Kindel, C. J., Settee Bed, U.S. Patent 1,270,743, 1918.
[13] Kelly, W. J., Sofa Bed, U.S. Patent 1,270,839, 1918.
[14] Thomas, J. R., Davenport Bed, U.S. Patent 2,007,988, 1935.
[15] Paladino, A. R., Convertible Furniture, U.S. Patent 2,345,624, 1944.
[16] Woller, E. E., Sofa Bed, U.S. Patent 2,595,038, 1952.
[17] Petersen, J. S., Sofa Bed, U.S. Patent 2,749,559, 1956.
[18] Koch, P., Bed Chesterfield, U.S. Patent 3,284,812, 1966.
[19] Wong, J., Pull Out Sofa Bed and Hardware Therefor, U.S. Patent 3,984,883, 1976.
[20] Arft, D. E., Anti-tilt Sofa Sleeper Mechanism, U.S. Patent 4,800,598, 1989.
[21] Hanes, F. E. et al, Folding Sofa Bed Frame Structure with Anti-topple Linkage and Movable Mattress Support Bar, U.S. Patent 5,138,727, 1992.
[22] Indigo-naturbetten, Japan-futon, http://www.indigo-naturbetten.ch/futon_ tatami/index.asp
[23] Wikipedia., Futon-america, http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Image:Futon-am erica.jpg
[24] Inco, F. S., Sanitary Cot, U.S. Patent 1,192,318, 1916.
[25] Abajian, A. C., Sofa-bed and Bed-spring Constructions, U.S. Patent 2,954,567, 1960.
[26] Wiggins, W. B., Sofa Bed Recliner, U.S. Patent 4,642,823, 1987.
[27] Firemen, R. et al, Three Frame Convertible Futon Sofa Bed, U.S. Patent 5,327,591, 1994.
[28] Ullman, D. G. The mechanical Design Process, 2nd Ed., McGraw-Hill, New York, pp. 98-119, 1997.
[29] Pheasant, S., Bodyspace : anthropometry, ergonomics, and the design of work, CRC Press, UK , 1996.
[30] Yan, H. S., Creative Design of Mechanical Devices, Springer, Singapore, 1998.
[31] Mccarthy, J. M., Convertible Sofa Bed Linkage Animation, http://synthet ica.eng.uci.edu:16080/~mccarthy/
[32] Ullman, D. G. The mechanical Design Process, 2nd Ed., McGraw-Hill, New York, pp. 160-165, 1997.
[33] Hall, A. S. Jr., Notes on Mechanism Analysis, Balt Publishers, Lafayette, Indiana, pp. 1.1-1.9, 1981.
[34] Yan, H. S., Mechanisms (in Chinese), 2nd Ed., Tung Hua Books, Taipei, pp. 71-72, 1999.

[35] Miller, J. E., Foldable Sofa Bed with Collapsible Sinuous Springs, U.S. Patent 5,539,940, 1996.
[36] Norton, R. L., Design of Machinery－An Introduction to the Synthesis and Analysis of Mechanisms and Machines, 3rd Ed., McGraw Hill, New York, pp. 559-607, 2004.
[37] Hall, A. S. Jr., Notes on Mechanism Analysis, Balt Publishers, Lafayette, Indiana, pp. 3.1-3.10, 1981.
[38] Metayer, A., Convertible Sofa-Bed Furniture, U.S. Patent 3,903,553, 1975.
[39] Hibbeler, R. C., Engineering Mechanics Statics, 9th Ed., Prentice Hall, New Jersey, pp. 436-437, 2001.
[40] Erdman, A. G. and Sandor, G. N., Mechanism Design－Analysis and Synthesis, Vol. 1, 3rd Ed., Prentice-Hall International, New Jersey, pp. 165-176, 1997.
[41] 廖英星, 具最少層數之平面連桿機構的最佳排列, 碩士論文, 國立成功大學機械工程學系, 1993.