一、中文文獻
王天苗(2004)．幼兒發展與學習之影響因素探討．特殊教育研究學刋，27(1)1-18。
王天苗、蘇建文、廖華芳、林麗英、鄒國蘇、林世華(1998)．嬰幼兒綜合發展測驗之編制報告．中華測驗學會測驗年刊，45(1)，19-45。王保進(2004)．多變量分析套裝程式與資料分析．台北: 高等教育。
王春美(2001)．父母知覺與祖輩親職教養行為一致性之研究•未發表的碩士論文．嘉義:嘉義大學家庭教育研究所。王濟川、郭志剛(2005)．Logistic迴歸模型-方法及應用．台北: 五南。
台灣省社會處(1995)．中華民國台灣地區單親家庭社會福利需求調查報告．南投: 省政府社會處。
行政院內政部(2002)．老人狀況調查報告．台北: 行政院。
行政院內政部(2006年2月)．社會統計2．2006年2月24日取自http://www.moi.gov.tw/stat/index.asp
行政院內政部兒童局(2005)．中華民國九十年台閩地區兒童生活狀況調查報告分析．台北: 行政院。
行政院主計處(2005)•九十二年台灣地區婦女婚育與就業調查結果．台北: 行政院。
吳佳蓉、張德勝(2002)．隔代教養學生與非隔代教養學生學校生活適應之比較．未發表的碩士論文．花蓮:師範學院國民教育研究所。李玉冠(2000)．隔代教養祖孫關係之探討—以台北縣低收入戶為例．未發表的碩士論文．台中:靜宜大學青少年兒童福利學系研究所。杜聲鋒(1997）．皮亞傑及其思想．台北: 遠流。
周曉婷(2006年10月20日)．南縣老化指數七成四，高於全國．中國時報，C1版。
林生傳(2005)．教育社會學．台北: 巨流。
邱珍琬(2004a)．隔代教養家庭優勢—個案研究．南大學報，38(2)，33-44。
邱珍琬(2004b)．學齡前兒童的祖孫家庭—隔代教養—一個個案研究．變化中的家庭-隔代教養(47-71)．台北: 學富。
胡崇元、謝明慧、陳三能、陳淑華、蕭文勝(1997)．學齡前兒童發展量表與貝萊嬰兒發展量表之相關．台灣精神醫學，11(3)，242-247。
徐澄清、廖佳鶯、余秀麗(1973)．嬰幼兒發展測驗．台北: 杏文。
徐澄清、蘇喜、蕭淑貞、林家青、宋維村、張珏(1978)．學齡前兒童行為發展量表之修訂及初步常模之建立．中華民國小兒科醫學會雜誌，19(2)，142-157。張杏如、譚合令、周雪惠、王天苗(1991)．「學前兒童學習能力測驗」第二次修訂及其相關研究。特殊教育研究學刊，7，43-66。張欣戊(1989)．兒童發展．台北: 五南。
張欣戊、徐嘉宏、程小危、雷庚玲、郭靜晃(2001)．發展心理學•台北: 空中大學。
張春興(1991)．張氏心理學辭典．台北: 東華書局。
張春興（1997）．教育心理學．台北：東華。
教育部(2004，7月20日)．教育優先區計畫．2004年7月20日取自 http://144.122.120.230/ejedata/kying /20040430
許玉玲(2000)．隔代教養學童的生活世界—一個個案研究．未發表的碩士論文．新竹: 師範學院國民教育研究所。連心瑜、吳亭芳、陳麗如、毛新春(2005)．護理人員在早期療育的角色功能．護理雜誌，52(6)，63-70。郭靜晃、吳幸玲(1993)．發展心理學．台北: 揚智。
郭靜晃、黃志成、陳淑琦、陳銀螢(2001)．兒童發展與保育．台北: 空中大學。
陳純真、李怡娟、簡莉盈(2003)．台北市北投區三所3至5歲幼稚園兒童之發展現況．護理研究，11(2)，73-81。
陳淑美、蘇建文、盧建銘、鍾志從、張景媛(1992)．我國嬰兒動作發展之研究．教育心理學報，25，81-96。
陳麗欣、翁福元、許維素、林志忠(1999)．我國隔代教養家庭現況之分析(上)．成人教育通訊，2，37-40。陳麗欣、翁福元、許維素、林志忠(2000)．我國隔代教養家庭現況之分析(下)．成人教育通訊，3，51-66。黃天中、洪英正(1992)．心理學．台北:桂冠。
黃志成(1995)．幼兒保育概論．台北: 揚智。
黃志成、王淑芬(1995)．幼兒的發展與輔導．台北: 揚智。
黃佳儀(2002)．隔代教養家庭學童生活適應之研究—以台灣北區高年級學童為例．未發表的碩士論文．台北: 文化大學生活應用科學研究所。黃政吉(2000)．社會變遷中隔代教養與少年非行之關係實務調查研究．警學業刊，31(3)，97-109。
黃惠玲(2000)．零歲至六歲兒童發展篩檢量表．台北: 心理。
黃惠玲、莊勝發、鐘育志、余麗樺、謝玉蓮(2000)．診斷發展不正常的貝萊嬰兒發展量表在高雄地區的適用性探討，高雄醫學科學雜誌，16，197-202。
黃惠玲、謝玉蓮、陳震宇、鐘育志(2002)．0-6歲兒童發展帥檢量表之效度分析．高雄醫學科學雜誌，18(10)，517-522。
黃惠娟(2004)．落跑父母激增．商業週刊，862，131-140。
新竹市政府社會局(2002年1月)．早期療育．2006年2月15日取自http://society.hccg.gov.tw/pv/e/1.doc
楊國樞(1986)•家庭因素與子女行為:台灣研究的評析•中華心理學刊，28(1)楊瑪利(2004)．天使的徬徨．天下雜誌，299，154-165。
賈浩妃(1998)．祖父母協助托育孫子女的決定過程—運用家族治療中結構學派的分析．台北:師範大學教育心理與輔導研究所。
劉恆佳(2003)．隔代教養高學業成就兒童之學習歷程．未發表的碩士論文．嘉義: 南華大學社會學研究所。鄭芬蘭、黃惠玲(2002)．丹佛兒發展篩檢測驗本土化之試探研究—以精細動作與粗動作為例．測驗年刋，49(1)，89-106。
蘇建文、盧欽銘、陳淑美、鍾志從(1991)．貝萊嬰兒發展量表．台北: 師範大學教育心理與輔導學系。
蘇雪玉、唐先梅、李淑娟(1995)．家庭概論．台北: 空中大學。
Bandura, A. (1995). 社會學習理論(周曉虹譯)．台北: 桂冠。(原著出版於1977)
Leahey, T. (1996). 心理學史(上、下) (楊國樞譯)．台北: 桂冠。(原著出版於1990)
Zanden, J. (2004).人類發展學(周念縈譯)．台北: 巨流。(原著出版於2003)
二、英文文獻
Achenbach, T., & Edelbrock, C. (1991). Manual for the child behavior checklist/4-18 1991 profile. Burlington, VT: university of Vermont Department of Psychiatry.
Agresti, A. (1996). An Introduction to Categorical Data Analysis. New York: John Wiley.
Arrindell, W., Kwee, M., Methorst, G., Ende, J., Pol, E., & Moritz, B. (1989). Perceived parental rearing styles of agoraphobic and socially phobic in-patients. Br J Psychiatry, 155, 526-535.
Bandura, A. (1977). Social Learning Theory. Englewood Cliffs, New Jersey: Prentice Hall.
Baumrind, D. (1991). The influence of parenting style on adolescent competence and substance use. Journal of Early Adolescence, 11, 56-95.
Beilin, H. (1992). Piaget’s enduring contribution to developmental psychology. Development Psychology, 28, 191-204.
Bernardi, E., Jones, M., & Tennant, C. (1989). Quality of parenting in alcoholics and narcotic addicts. Br J Psychiatry, 154, 677-682.
Boeree, C. (2005). Sigmund freud. Retrieved Oct 8, 2005, from http://www.ship.edu/~cgboeree/freud.html
Bouchard, T., Lykken, D., McGue, M., Segal, N., & Tellegen, A. (1990). Sources of human psychological difference: the Minnesota study of twins reared apart. Science, 250, 223-228.
Bowers, B., & Myers, B. (1999). Grandmothers providing care for grandchildren: consequences of various levels of care giving. Family Relations: Interdisciplinary Journal of Applied Family Studies, 48, 303-311.
Bowlby, J. (1980). Attachment and loss. N. Y. : Basic Books.
Boyle, C., Decoufle, P., & Yeargin-Allsopp, M. (1994). Prevalence and health impact of developmental disabilities in US children. Pediatrics, 93, 399-403.
Bronfenbrenner, U. (1995).The bioecological model from a life course perspective: reflections of a participant observer. In Moen, Elder, Lüscher (Ed.), Examining lives in context: perspectives on the ecology of human development (pp599-618).Washington: APA.
Bronfenbrenner, U., & Morris, P. (1998). The ecology of developmental process. In W. Damon (Series Ed.) & R.M. Lerner (Vol. Ed.), Handbook of child psychology: Vol. 1. Theoretical models of human development (5th ed., pp.993-1028). N. Y.: John Wiley.
Bronstein, P., & Duncan, P. (1996). Family and parenting behaviors predicting middle school adjustment. Family Relations, 45(4), 415-426.
Bryson, K., & Casper, L. (2004). Coresident Grandparents Grandchildren. Retrieved July 25, 2004, from http://www.census.gov/populaton/socdemo/grandparents/gp-1.txt
Burchinal, M., & Peisner-Feinberg, E., & Bryant, D., Clifford, R. (2000). Children’s social and cognitive development and child-care quality: Testing for differential associations related to poverty , gender, or ethnicity. Applied Developmental Science, 2(3), 149-165.
Chen, L. (1997). Parental goals, parenting practices and chinese preschoolers’socially competent behaviors in Taiwan. Dessertation. The University of Wisconsin-Madison.
Chung, F. (1994). Parental attitudes, parent-child interactin and childen/s competent behavior in early childhood in Taiwan. Dessertation. The University of Wisconsin-Madison.
Clarke-Stewart, K. (1989). Infant day care: maligned or malignant. American Psychologist, 44(2), 266-273.
Clyman, R., Harden, B., & Little, C. (2002). Assessment, intervention, and research with infants in out-of-home placement. Infant Mental Health Journal, 23, 435-453.
Crowe, T., Deitz, J., & Bennett, F. (1987). The relationship between the Bayley Scales of infant development and preschool gross motor and cognitive performance. Am J Occup Ther, 41, 374-378.
Davidson, R., & Fox, N. (1989). Frontal brain asymmetry predicts infants’ response to maternal separation. Journal of Abnormal Psychology, 948(2), 58-64.
Dobowitz, H., Feigelman, S., Harrington, D., Starr, R., Zuravin, S., & Sawyer, R., (1994). Children in kinship care: how to they fare? Children and Youth Services Review, 16, 85-106.
Dowdell, E. (1995). Caregiver burden: Grandparents raising their high-risk children. Journal of Psychosocial Nursing, 33, 27-30.
Dubowitz, H., & Sawyer, R. (1994). School behavior of children in kinship care. Child Abuse & Neglect, 18, 899-911.
Emick, M., & Hayslip, B. (1999). Custodial grandparenting: Stresses, coping skills and relationships with grandchildren, International Journal of Aging and Human Development, 48, 35-62.
Erikson, E. (1963). Childhood and Society (2nd ed.). N. Y. : Norton.
Flavell, J. (1992). Cognitive development: past , present , and future. Development Psychology, 28, 998-1005.
Frankenburg, W., & Dodds, J. (1967). The Denver Development Screening Test. The journal of Pediatrics, 71(2), 181-191.
Fuller –Thmoson, E., Minkler, M. & Driver, D. (1997). A profile of grandparents raising grandchildren in the United States. The Gerontologist, 37(3), 406-411.
Garelli, C. (2005, Dec 12). Outline of the theory of attachment. Retrieved Sep 20, 2005, from http:// http://attachment.edu.ar/outline.html
Giarrusso, R., & Silverstein, M. (1996). Family complexity and the grandparent role. Generations, 20(1), 17-23.
Goldberg-Glen, R., Sands, R., Cole, R., & Cristofalo, C. (1998). Multigenerational Patterns and Internal Structure in Families in which Grandparents Raise Grandchildren. Families in Society, 79(5), 477-489.
Hayslip, B., Shore, R., Henderson, C., & Lambert, P., (1998). Custodial grandparenting and the impact of grandchildren with problems on role satisfaction and role meaning. Journal of Gerontology: Social Sciences, 53B, S164-S173.
Hertzman, C., & Wiens, M. (1996). Child development ad long-term outcomes: a population health perspective and summary of successful interventions. Soc Sci Med, 43, 1083-1095.
Hoffman, L. (1989). Effects of maternal employment in the two-parent family: a review of recent research. American Psychologist, 44(2), 283-292.
Jones. L., & Kennedy, J. (1996). Grandparents united: Intergenerational developmental Education. Child Welfare, 75, 636-684.
Keating, D., & Hertzman, C. (1999). Development health and the wealth of nations. New York: Guilford Press.
Klebanov, P., Brooks-Gunn, J., McCarton, C., & McCormick, M.(1998).The contribution of neighborhood and family income to developmental test scores over the first 3 years of life. Child Development, 69, 1420-1436.
Kuh, D., & Ben-Shlomo, Y. (1997). A life course approach to chronic disease epidemiology: tracing the origins of ill health from early to adult life. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
Laborlawtalk-Encyclopedia. (2005, Sep 20). Parenting. Retrieved Sep. 20, from http://encyclopedia.laborlawtalk.com/parenting
Lamb, M. (1987). Predictive Implications of individual differences in attachment. Journal of consulting and clinical psychology, 55(6), 817-824.
Lamb, M., & Campos, J. (1982). Development infancy. N. Y.: Randomh House.
Lamborn, S., Mounts, N., Steinberg, L., & Dornbusch, S. (1991). Patterns of competence and adjustment among adolescents from authoritative, authoritarian, indulgent, and neglectful families. Child Development, 62, 1049-1065.
Levy, S., & Hyman, S. (1993). Pediatric assessment of the child with developmental delay, Preventive Medicine, 40, 465-477.
Lowery, C., & Settle, S. (1985). Influence of divorce on children: Differential impact of custody and visitation paterns. Family Relations, 34, 455-463.
Maccoby, E. (1992). The role of parents in the socialization of children: a historical overview. Developmental Psychol, 28, 1006-1017.
Maccoby, E., & Martin, J. (1983). Socialization, personality, and social development. In Mussen (Ed.), Handbook of child psychology (pp1-101). New York: John Wiley & Sons.
Marmot, M., & Wadsworth, M. (1997). Fetal and early childhood environment: long-term health implications. British Medical Bulletin, 53.
Mash, E., & Wolfe, D. (1999). Abnormal Child Psychology. New York: Brooks-Cole.
Matson, J., Mayville. S., & Laud, R. (2003). A system of assessment for adaptive behavior, social skills, behavioral function, medication side-effects, and psychiatric disorders. Research in Developmental Disabilities, 24(1). 75-81.
McCall, R. (1981). Nature-nurture and the two realms of development: a proposed integration with respect to mental development. Child Development, 52, 1-12.
Merriam-Webster’s Online. (2005, Sep 20). Parenting. Retrieved Sep. 20, 2005, from http://www.m-w.com/dectionary/parenting
Miller, P. (2001). Theories of developmental psychology (4nd ed.). N. Y.: Worth.
Miller, V., Onotera, R., & Deinard, A. (1984). Denver Developmental Screening Test: Cultural variations in Southeast Asian children. Journal of Pediarics, 104(3), 481-482.
Minkler, M., Roe, M., & Price, M. (1992). The physical and emotional health of grandmothers raising grandchildren in the crack cocaine epidemic. The Gerontologist, 32, 752-761.
Mott, F., Baker,P., Ball, D., Keck, C., & Lenhart, S. (1998). The NLSY children 1992: Description and Evaluation, Revised. Center for Human Resource Research, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH.
Mueller, M., & Elder, G. (2003). Family Contingencies Across the Generations: Grandparent-Grandchild Relationships in Holistic Perspective. Journal of Marriage and Family, 65, 404-417.
National Center for Health Statistics. (1988). Current estimates from the national health interview survey: United States-1987. Vital Health Statistics 10 (No.186).
Newport, E. (1991). Contrasting conceptions of the critical period for language. In S. Carey & R. Gelman (Eds.), The epigenesis of mind: Essays on biology and cognition. Hillsdale, Nj: Erlbaum.
NICHD Early Child Care Research Network. (1997). The effects of infant child care on infant-mother attachment security: results of the NICHD study of early child care. Child Development, 68, 860-879.
NICHD Early Child Care Research Network. (2001). Nonmaternal care and family factors in early development: An overview of the NICHD study of early child care. Journal of Applied Development Psychology, 22, 457-492.
NICHD Early Child Care Research Network. (2002). The interaction of child care and family risk in relation to child development at 24 and 36 months. Applied Developmental Science, 6(3), 144-156.
Oxford Reference Online. (2005, Sep 20). Parenting. Retrieved Sep. 20, 2005, from http://www.oxfordreference.com/parenting
Papalia, D., Olds, S., & Feldman, R. (2004). Human development. N. Y. : McGraw-Hill.
Parker, G. (1979). Parental characteristics in relation to depressive disorders. Br J Psychiatry, 134, 138-147.
Perris, C., Arrindell, W., & Eisemann, M. (1994). Parenting and psychopathology. New York: John Wiley & Sons.
Perris, C., Arrindell, W., Perris, H., Eisemann, M., Van der Ende J, & Von Knorring L. (1986). Perceived depriving parental rearing and depression. Br J Psychiatry, 148, 170-175.
Phillip, S., & Shute, R. (2003). Child development: thinking about theories. US: Oxford University Press.
Power, C., & Manor, O. (2000). A prospective study of limiting longstanding illness in early adulthood. Int J Epidemiol, 29, 131-139.
Pruchno, R., & Johnson, K. (1996). Research on grandparenting: review of current studies and future needs. Journal of Generations, 20(1), 65-70.
Ramey, C., & Campbell, F. (1991). Poverty, early childhood education, and academic competence. In A. Huston (Ed.), Children reared in poverty (pp. 190-221). Cambridge, England: Cambridge University Press.
Reynolds, G., Wright, J., & Beale, B. (2003). The Roles of Grandparents in Educating Today’s Children. Journal of Instructional Psychology, 30(4), 316-325.
Rutter, M. (1987). Psychosocial resilience and protective mechamisms. American Orthopsychiatric Association, 57(3), 316-331.
Silove, D., Parker, G., Hadzi-Pavlovic, D., Manicavasagar, V., & Blaszczynski, A. (1991). Parental representations of patients with panic disorder and generalized anxiety disorder. Br J Psychiatry, 159, 835-841.
Simms, M. (1989). The foster care clinic: a community program to identify treatment needs of children in foster care. Journal of Development and Behavioral Pediatrics, 10, 121-128.
Smith, A., Dannison, L., & Vach-Hasse, T. (1998). When ‘‘ Grandma ” is ‘‘Mam”. Childhood Education, 75(1), 12-16.
Solomon, J., & Marx, J. (1995). To grand mother’s house we go: Health and school adjustment of children raised solely by grand parents. The Gerontologist, 35, 386-394.
Spence, M., & De Casper, A. (1987). Prenatal experience with low-frequency maternal-voice sounds influence neonatal perception of maternal voice samples. Infant Behavior and Development, 10, 133-142.
Stone, D. (1999, Jan 11).Social cognitive theory. Retrieved Oct 1, 2005, from http://hsc.usf.edu/~kmbrown/Social_Cognitive_Theory_Overview.htm
Szinovacz, M. (1998). Grandparents today: A demographic profile. Gerontologist, 38, 37-52.
Test. Nursing Research, 30(5), 209-293.
The World Almanac & Book of Facts. (2004). Grandchildren Living in the Home of Their Grandparents, 1970-2002(p.380). New York : Press Pub. Co. (The New York World)
To, T., Cadarettem, S., & Lin, Y. (2001). Biological, social, and environmental correlates of preschool development. Child: Care, Health and Development, 27(2), 187-200.
University of Wisconsin. Extension. (2003, Jan 08). Grandparents raising grandchildren. Retrieved Sep. 20, 2005, from http://www.uwex.edu/relationships/pdfs/B3786-1.pdf
Vandell, D., McCartney, K., Owen, M., Booth, C., & Clarke-Stewart, A. (2003). Variations in child care by grandparents during the first three years. Journal of Marriage & the Family, 65(2), 375-381.
Werner, E., & Smith, R. (1977). Kauai’s children come of age. Honolulu: University of Hawaii Press.
Werner, E., & Smith, R. (1982). Vulnerable but invincible: a longitudinal study of resilient children and youth. N. Y. : McGraw-Hill.
Werner, E., & Smith, R. (1992). Overcoming the odds: high risk children from birth to adulthood. Ithaca, N. Y.: Cornell University Press.
Werner, E., Bierman, J., & French, F. (1971). The children of Kauai: a longitudinal study from the prenatal period to age ten. Honolulu: University of Hawaii Press.
Xu,Z., Wan, C., Mussen, P., Shen, J., Li, C., & Cao, Z. (1991). Family socialization and children behavior and personality development in China. The Journal of Genetic Psychology, 152, 239-253.
Yarrow, M., Sherman, T., Mayfield, A., Stilwell, J. (2002). Hard growing: children who survive. In J. Rolf (Ed.), Risk and protective factors in the development of psychopathology (2nd ed., pp. 97-119). New York: University of Cambridge.