臺灣博碩士論文加值系統

過去有關於多國籍企業的研究大多數是將焦點放在母公司與子公司之間的連結，伴隨著競爭環境的改變，以及子公司自主性的提高，國際企業的研究焦點已經從母公司和子公司間的層級觀點，轉變成多國籍企業內的網絡觀點。因此，對於一家多國籍企業而言，能夠透過企業內部的網絡來交換以及移轉知識，不但能夠提升公司的技術發展，更能夠去強化企業的競爭優勢。
然而，過去對於多國籍企業內部網絡之知識移轉的研究主要是探討有效知識移轉的影響因子，缺乏一個整體性的架構能夠去捕捉子公司間的知識移轉，因此，本研究認為關於子公司特徵和多國籍企業知識移轉的議題是値得去探討的。在本研究中，研究樣本是一家德國籍的多國籍企業，目前是世界上機械供給的領導廠商。本研究從組織理論的觀點出發，並使用探索性研究的方式來找尋子公司特徵和知識移轉模式的關係，並在研究的後半段，提出相關的命題以供未來研究參考。
本研究根據分析結果以及相關討論提出幾個命題，包含：子公司間技術能力的相似性有助於知識的社會化；子公司間策略角色的相似性有助於知識的社會化；子公司間組織文化的差異性有助於知識的內化；子公司間策略角色的相似性有助於知識的內化；子公司間組織結構的差異性有助於知識的內化；子公司間技術能力的相似性有助於知識的結合；子公司間技術能力的相似性有助於知識的外化；子公司間策略角色的相似性有助於知識的外化。從本研究的結果以及討論中，我們可以了解子公司特徵以及知識移轉的關係是確實存在的。另外，本研究的結果不但去填補過去文獻的不足，更加深了多國籍企業知識移轉議題的深度。

In the past, studies on “multinational corporations” were mostly understood on the parent-subsidiary links. As the competitive environment change subsidiaries’ autonomy increased the focus of research on international business has shifted from the perspective of “parent-subsidiary” to the perspective of “intra-network”. For a multinational corporation, the exchange and transfer of knowledge through the “intra-network” can not only advance technical development but strengthen corporate competitive advantage.
However, past studies about knowledge transfer of MNCs’ intra-network have been made on the influence factors of effective knowledge transfer. What seems to be lacking, is a systematic framework to capture knowledge transfer among subsidiaries. As a result, we consider the issue of subsidiary characteristics and MNC’s knowledge transfer is worthy to study. In this study, our research sample is a “multinational corporation” located in Germany. This corporation is presently a world leading company in machinery supply. From the perspective of organization theory, an exploratory study approach was used to find out the relationship between subsidiary characteristics and knowledge transfer modes. In the end of the study, we could propose several propositions for future research.
In our study, according to the research results and discussions, we proposed several propositions including the similarity in technological capability among subsidiaries is beneficial for knowledge socialization, the similarity in strategic roles among subsidiaries is beneficial for knowledge socialization, the difference in organizational culture among subsidiaries is beneficial for knowledge internalization, the similarity in strategic roles among subsidiaries is beneficial for knowledge internalization, the difference in organizational structure among subsidiaries is beneficial for knowledge internalization, the similarity in technological capability among subsidiaries is beneficial for knowledge combination, the similarity in technological capability among subsidiaries is beneficial for knowledge externalization, the similarity in strategic roles among subsidiaries is beneficial for knowledge externalization. From the results and discussions of our study, we understand that relationships between the similarity in subsidiary characteristics and knowledge transfer exist indeed. Furthermore, the results of our study not only fill up the lack of past literature but also increase the profundity of the issue of MNC’s knowledge transfer.

Table of Contents
Chapter 1 Introduction……………………………………………………………………1
1.1 Research Motivation…………………………………………………………………1
1.2 Research Objective………………………………………………………….............. 3
1.3 Research Sample……………………………………………………………............. 3

Chapter 2 Literature Review…………………………………………………………….... 4
2.1 Knowledge Transfer in Multinational Corporations……………………………….. 4
2.1.1 The Definition of Knowledge………………………………………………... 4
2.1.2 The Types and Characteristics of Knowledge………………………............... 6
2.1.3 The Definition of Knowledge Transfer………………………………………. 9
2.1.4 The Concept of Knowledge Transfer Mode…………………………………. 10
2.1.5 Knowledge Transfer in Multinational Corporations………………................. 13
2.2 The Conclusion of Literature Review………………………………………............ 19

Chapter 3 Research Design………………………………………………………............. 21
3.1 Sample and Data……………………………………………………………............ 21
3.1.1 Research Sample……………………………………………………………... 21
3.1.2 Research Data………………………………………………………………... 21
3.2 Variable Measurement………………………………………………………........... 23
3.2.1 Knowledge Transfer…………………………………………………............. 23
3.2.1.1 Operational Definition……………………………………………...… 23
3.2.1.2 Questionnaire Design…………………………………………............. 28
3.2.2 Technological Capability……………………………………………………... 28
3.2.2.1 Operational Definition………………………………………………... 28
3.2.2.2 Questionnaire Design……………………………………………….… 29
3.2.3 Organizational Culture……………………………………………….............. 30
3.2.3.1 Operational Definition……………………………………………….. 30
3.2.3.2 Questionnaire Design…………………………………………............ 31
3.2.4 Organizational Structure……………………………………………………... 31
3.2.4.1 Operational Definition……………………………………………….. 31
3.2.4.2 Questionnaire Design…………………………………………………. 32
3.2.5 Strategic Roles……………………………………………………………….. 33
3.2.5.1 Operational Definition………………………………………………... 33
3.2.5.2 Questionnaire Design…………………………………………………. 34
3.3 The Construction of Dependent Variables and Independent Variables…………….. 34
3.4 Research Methodology…………………………………………………………….. 35

Chapter 4 Case Study…………………………………………………………………….. 37
4.1 Introduction…………………………………………………………………........... 37
4.2 Multinational Corporation---XXX Corporation……………………………............ 38
4.2.1 The Introduction of XXX Corporation………………………………………. 38
4.2.2 Knowledge Transfer Activity………………………………………………... 39
4.3 The Subsidiary of Taiwan………………………………………………………….. 43
4.3.1 Technological Capability…………………………………………………….. 44
4.3.2 Organizational Culture………………………………………………............. 47
4.3.3 Organizational Structure……………………………………………………... 48
4.3.4 Strategic Roles………………………………………………………………. 51
4.4 Conclusion………………………………………………………………………… 52

Chapter 5 Results…………………………………………………………………............ 54
5.1 Questionnaire Return and Knowledge Network…………………………………... 54
5.1.1 Questionnaire Return………………………………………………………… 54
5.1.2 Knowledge Network………………………………………………………… 54
5.2 Factor Analysis……………………………………………………………………. 58
5.3 Multiple Regressions Quadratic Assignment Procedure………………………….. 63

Chapter 6 Discussion and Conclusion…………………………………………………… 67
6.1 Research Discussion………………………………………………………………. 67
6.1.1 Knowledge Socialization……………………………………………………. 67
6.1.2 Knowledge Internalization…………………………………………………... 70
6.1.3 Knowledge Combination…………………………………………………… 74
6.1.4 Knowledge Externalization…………………………………………………. 75
6.2 Research Contribution……………………………………………………………. 77
6.2.1 Theory Contribution…………………………………………………............. 77
6.2.2 Practice Contribution………………………………………………………… 79
6.3 Research Limitation and Suggestion………………………………………............. 80
6.3.1 Research Limitation…………………………………………………………. 80
6.3.2 Future Study…………………………………………………………………. 81

Reference…………………………………………………………………………………. 83
Appendix………………………………………………………………………………... 91





























List of Table
Table 3-1 The Operational Definition of Knowledge Transfer…………………............... 23
Table 3-2 Knowledge Management Activity…………………………………….............. 25
Table 3-3 The Operational Definition of Technological Capability……………................ 29
Table 3-4 The Operational Definition of Organizational Culture………………………... 31
Table 3-5 The Operational Definition of Organizational Structure………………………. 32
Table 3-6 The Operational Definition of Strategic Roles………………………................ 34
Table 5-1 The Information of Answerers………………………………………………… 54
Table 5-2 The Results of Factor Analysis………………………………………………... 62
Table 5-3 The Result of MRQAP………………………………………………………… 66

List of Figure
Figure 4-1 Subsidiaries Transferring Knowledge with the Subsidiary in Taiwan.………. 44
Figure 4-2 Subsidiaries Taiwan Interacts with…………………………………………… 45
Figure 4-3 Subsidiaries Taiwan Interacts with…………………………………………… 47
Figure 4-4 Subsidiaries Taiwan Interacts with…………………………………………… 49
Figure 4-5 Subsidiaries Taiwan Interacts with…………………………………………… 51
Figure 5-1 The Network of Knowledge Socialization…………………………….……… 56
Figure 5-2 The Network of Knowledge Internalization………………………………….. 56
Figure 5-3 The Network of Knowledge Combination…………………………………… 57
Figure 5-4 The Network of Knowledge Externalization…………………………………. 57

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