臺灣博碩士論文加值系統

本文雷射線結構光應用於物體表面及3D輪廓之精細量測
主要是在發展一種快速簡易非接觸式的量測方法，並以程式來監測物體表面的變化和形狀。利用光學量測的優勢，本系統有非接觸性、非破壞性、儀器架設快速、全場域的量測、不受量測空間侷限等優點。且本系統的光源來自雷射光源，故可以做較長距離的量測，不同陰影量測法有距離上的限制。
系統將拍攝的影像資訊匯入電腦以MATLAB做分析，接著再做質心法的動作，我們以像素法做為分析的基本原則，先選擇一個基準點作為參考點，再算出其他各點相對於基準點的位置差，也就是其他各點所在的位置與基準點差多少個像素，把差異的像素再換算成實際高度，而完成待測物的表面觀測。校正部份我們以此系統量測一完全平面，由於是完全平面，所以在量測表面時，理論值應該是沒有高低起伏，而我們得到的最大誤差約為7um。除此之外，我們將線結構光掃過整個物體表面，計算出整個面的變化。此研究方法對於快速大範圍量測，可以很快的得到待測物表面的形狀。由於投射的線結構光非常的細小，因此也可用來量測更小的透鏡曲率，及平坦度、3D等量測。最後以本實驗室的點結構光三角量測法，將其應用於天帝教之氣功態脈博測量，分析天帝教接主炁前與後的脈博振幅變化。

The research ”Laser structure light applies to measure the surface and Three-dimensional structure of objects meticulously” develops a kind of fast and simple measurement method mainly. Monitor the change and form of the object surface automatically. This system has untouchable, non-destructive, erect the system quickly which also can measure the whole field land, not measures by the space limitation. However,the light source of this system comes from the laser light source, so it can do the long distance measurement that different from the measurement of shade law has distances restriction.
Take the photo image into computer and make analysis in MATLAB. We take the movements of the centroid law. We regard law of picture element as the basic principle of analysis, choose a datum point to regard as the reference point, calculates again that the position relative to datum point of other each point. That is to say how much picture element the position of other each point difference from the datum point. Convert the difference to the actual height again, Then it finish the measuring on surface of the thing to observe.
Correcting some, we measure and examine a complete level with this system. Because of complete level, while measuring the plane surface, theory value should have no level to rise and fall. And the biggest error which we get is about 7um (± 3.5um ). In addition, we have swept line structure on the whole object surface, and calculate out the whole change of object surface. The research approach can examine big range amount and to get the information of objects quickly. Because line structure light is extraordinary and tiny, so it can be use examines smaller lens camber, and smooth degree, 3D examined etc, more accurately. Finally, we introduce the triangular measurement law using in the pulse of Tien-di Chiou. Make the change of pulse in measurement, while they get the ‘chi’ adjacently. And analyze the pulse on time.

中文摘要.................................................Ⅰ
英文摘要...............................................Ⅱ
謝誌..................................................Ⅲ
目錄....................................................Ⅳ
圖目錄..................................................Ⅶ
表目錄.................................................Ⅹ

第一章 緒論
1.1 研究動機與文獻回顧...............................1
1.2 研究之目的........................................2
1.3 本論文架構......................................3
第二章 三維結構光原理.................................4
2.1 結構光原理與基本概念..............................4
2.1.1 結構光數學模式..............................4
2.1.2 結構光之精密度..............................8
2.2 結構光模式之投射系統.............................10
2.2.1 結構光模式..................................10
2.2.2 投射光種類.............................11
2.3 光學影像處理分析.................................13
2.3.1 影像解析度..................................14
2.3.2 二值化......................................15
2.3.3 濾波器......................................16
2.4 光學質心法位置計算...............................18
2.5 點結構光計算方式.................................20
第三章 實驗架構與方法................................22
3.1 實驗架構..........................................22
3.1.1 系統架構與三角關係.........................22
3.1.2 系統光源與光學質心法細化..................25
3.2 軟硬體設備........................................26
3.3 實驗流程..........................................27
3.4線光源系統校正.....................................27
第四章 實驗結果.......................................32
4.1 非球面鏡曲率量測..................................32
4.2 齒模3D輪廓之模擬.................................35
4.3 銅導線尺寸之量測..................................36
4.4 點結構光三角量測..................................42
4.4.1 三角量測法..................................42
4.4.2 影像處理...................................42
4.4.3 天帝教測脈流程與數據.......................43
4.4.4 天帝教測脈結論.............................45
第五章 結論與外來展望................................46
參考文獻..............................................48
附錄一...............................................50
附錄二...............................................52

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