不同準備模式對於兒童垂直跳和反覆側步成績表現的影響
摘要
本研究目的主要在探討不同準備模式和不同部位熱身對於兒童垂直跳和反覆側步成績表現的影響。研究對象為以28名國小5年級學生，平均年齡為11.2 0.32歲、平均身高145.6 7.89公分、平均體重40.3 10.49公斤，平均身體質量指數則為18.8 3.54 kg/m 。將所有的兒童隨機分派成4組，在不連續天從事不同的準備運動，包含5分鐘高強度熱身、5分鐘中強度熱身、5分鐘靜態伸展和控制組，在每一次準備運動後，分別進行垂直跳和反覆側步的測驗，並以相依樣本單因子變異數分析與LSD事後比較法來進行考驗。另外，在上肢熱身和下肢熱身後，分別進行垂直跳和反覆側步，再以T檢定分析。各組進行垂直跳的結果為控制組30.44 4.95公分，中度熱身組30.63 5.74公分，高強度熱身組31.49 6.05公分，靜態伸展組29.16 5.03公分。反覆側步的結果為控制組34.20 4.87次，高強度熱身組35.07 4.44次，靜態伸展組33.37 4.22次。高強度熱身後反覆側步成績顯著增加，靜態伸展後垂直跳成績顯著下降。不同部位熱身的研究結果顯示，上肢熱身後垂直跳成績為30.58 4.86公分，反覆側步為31.89 5.15次，下肢熱身後的垂直跳高度為31.18 5.28公分，反覆側步為32.90 5.61次，經統計比較後都未達顯著差異。由結果得知高強度熱身的準備活動有助於爆發力項目的運動表現，而靜態伸展則不利於暴發力項目的運動表現。因此，建議從事運動前要進行高強度的熱身活動，另一方面要以動態運動來取代傳統的靜態伸展。
關鍵詞：準備活動、熱身、伸展、垂直跳、反覆側步、兒童

Effects of Different Preparing Activities on Performance of Vertical Jump and Repeat Side Step in Children
ABSTRACT
This study aimed to investigate the effects of different preparing activities on performance of vertical jump and repeat side step in children. Twenty-eight children of 5 grades (age 11.2 0.32 years, height145.6 7.89 cm, body mass 40.3 10.49 kg, body mass index(BMI) 18.8 3.54 kg/m ) were recruited. The children were randomly grouped to carry out 4 different preparations, namely, 5 minutes of high-intensity warm-up (HWU), 5 minutes of moderate-intensity warm-up (MWU), 5 minutes of static stretching (SS), and 5 minutes of rest (CONTROL), before taking test on nonconsecutive days. Vertical jump performed following different preparations by the children were 30.44 4.95 cm, 30.63 5.74 cm, 31.49 6.05 cm, and 29.16 5.03 cm in CONTROL, MWU, HWU, and SS, respectively. Repetitions of side-step performed by the children were 34.20 4.87, 35.07 4.44, and 33.37 4.22 in CONTROL, HWU, and SS, respectively. Using one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) and a least significant difference (LSD) post-hoc comparison, it revealed that performance of vertical jump was significantly lower (p < 0.05) in SS than in CONTROL, and performance of repeat side-step was significantly higher (p < 0.05) in HMU than in CONTROL. In addition, warm up carried out either by leg exercises enhanced the performances of vertical jump and side-step than by arm exercise, although the difference was not significant after T-test. Height of vertical jump after arm and leg exercise were 30.58 4.86 cm and 31.18 5.28. Repetitions of side-step after arm and leg exercise were 31.89 5.15 and 32.90 5.61. The results indicate that high-intensity warm-up, but not static stretch is more helpful to explosive power performance.

KEY WORDS: preparing activity, warm-up, stretching, vertical jump, repeat side step, children

目 錄
目錄…………………………………………………………..……………Ⅰ
表目錄………………………………………………………..……………Ⅲ
圖目錄………………………………………………………..……………Ⅳ
中文摘要……………………………………………………..……………Ⅴ
英文摘要……………………………………………………..……………Ⅵ
第壹章 緒論………………………………………………..……………..1
第一節 問題背景…………………………………..…………….1
第二節 研究目的…………………………………..…………….2
第三節 研究假設…………………………………..…….………2
第四節 研究範圍與限制…………………………..…….………3
第五節 名詞解釋…………………………….……..……………3
第貳章 文獻探討………………………………..…………..……………6
第一節 熱身運動的影響……………………….……..…………6
第二節 熱身運動對於肌肉與神經作用的影響……..…….……8
第三節 熱身運動對於心肺功能的影響…………..……….……9
第四節 熱身運動對於能量代謝的影響………..………………11
第五節 熱身運動對於運動表現的影響………..………………13
第六節 伸展運動對生理及運動表現的影響……..……………15
第參章 研究方法………………………………….……………..………20
第一節 研究對象……………………………………..…………20
第二節 研究時間與地點……………………………..…………20
第三節 實驗步驟與流程……………………………..…………21
第四節 實驗工具……………………………………..…………23
第五節 實驗方法……………………………………..…………24
第六節 資料處理與統計分析………………………..…………27
第肆章 結果……………………………………...……………..…………28
第一節 實驗參與者基本資料………………………..…………28
第二節 不同強度熱身後垂直跳結果分析…………..…………29
第三節 不同強度熱身後反覆側步結果分析…………..………32
第四節 不同部位熱身後垂直跳結果分析……………..………34
第五節 不同部位熱身後反覆側步結果分析………..…………35
第伍章 討論與結論……………………………………………..………...36
第一節 討論………………………………………..……………36
第二節 結論………………………………………..……………41
第三節 建議………………………………………..……………44
參考文獻 ………………………………………………………..…………46

表目錄
表一、熱身活動相關研究…………………………………………..………13
表二、伸展對於肌肉收縮與神經傳導的影響……………………..………16
表三、近年來伸展活動的相關研究………………………………..………18
表四、不同熱身強度運動心跳變化…………………………………..……24
表五、不同熱身強度運動事後比較………………………………..………24
表六、不同部位熱身運動心跳變化……………………………………..…24
表七、實驗參與者基本資料之描述統計…………………………..………28
表八、不同強度熱身後垂直跳成績之描述性統計摘要表…………..……29
表九、不同強度熱身後垂直跳成績之相依樣本變異數分析摘要表…..…29
表十、不同強度熱身後垂直跳成績之相依樣本變異數事後比較……..…30
表十一、不同熱身模式與控制組垂直跳成績差異人次百分比……..……31
表十二、不同強度熱身後反覆側步成績之描述性統計摘要表……..……32
表十三、不同強度熱身後反覆側步成績之相依樣本變異數分析摘要表..32
表十四、不同強度熱身後反覆側步成績之相依樣本變異數事後比較…..33
表十五、不同熱身模式與控制組反覆側步成績差異人次百分比…..……33
表十六、不同部位熱身後垂直跳之相依樣本t檢定統計摘要表….…..…34
表十七、不同部位熱身後反覆側步之相依樣本t檢定統計摘要表…..….35


圖目錄
圖一、靜態伸展動作示範圖………………………………………………..4
圖二、熱身運動對於運動表現影響的流程…………………..….…………7
圖三、實驗流程圖…………………………………………………………..23
圖四、垂直跳基本高度測量動作…………………………………………..25
圖五、垂直跳蹲跳動作……………………………………………..………25
圖六、反覆側步測量動作……………………………………………..……26

附件一、學生基本資料問卷……………………………………………..…53
附件二、受試者健康情況調查表………………..…………………………54
附件三、家長同意書…………………………………………..……..…..…55
附件四、不同熱身模式與控制組的個人實際垂直跳成績差異..…56
附件五、不同熱身模式與控制組的個人實際反覆側步成績差異.57

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