臺灣博碩士論文加值系統

本研究以農藝性狀及簡單重複序列間之DNA片段(inter simple sequence repeat, ISSR)和逢機增殖多型性DNA(random amplified polymorphic DNA, RAPD)，探討自台灣各地區收集之74個綠天竺草(Panicum maximum var. trichoglume)和41個天竺草(Panicum maximum)之遺傳歧異度，結果摘要如下：
1. 以調查12項農藝性狀之結果， 14個地區74個綠天竺草遺傳距離介於4.3-26.5間，在歐氏距離13為截點可分為5群，第一群包含-台北、台中、台東、台南及花蓮地區；第二群包含-桃園、嘉義、新竹及苗票地區；第三群包含-彰化、高雄及雲林地區；第四群為宜蘭地區；第五群為屏東地區。而9個地區41個天竺草遺傳距離介於10.5-74.7間，在歐氏距離29為截點可分為4群，第一群包含-台中、嘉義、雲林及台南地區；第二群包含-高雄和台東地區；第三群包含-屏東和花蓮地區；第四群為南投地區。
2. ISSR分子標誌分析，僅有10個引子具有多型性及再現性良好，在綠天竺草可擴增出54條條帶，其中有46條具有多型性DNA條帶，多型性比例佔83.7％，遺傳分化指數(Gst)為0.5517，基因流(Nm)為0.4063，遺傳距離矩陣介於0.0535-0.3574間，以遺傳相似度0.15為截點可分為5群，第一群包含-台北和桃園地區；第二群包含-新竹、苗栗、台中及彰化地區；第三群包含-台南、屏東、台東、花蓮及宜蘭地區；第四群包含-雲林和嘉義地區；第五群為高雄地區。在天竺草可擴增出49條條帶，其中有36條具有多型性DNA條帶，多型性比例佔68.5％，遺傳分化指數(Gst)為0.5779，基因流(Nm)為0.3652，遺傳距離矩陣介於0.0188-0.3055間，以遺傳相似度0.11為截點可分為4群，第一群包含-台中、南投及雲林地區；第二群包含-嘉義、台南及高雄地區；第三群為屏東地區；第四群包含-台東和花蓮地區。綠天竺草和天竺草族群的遺傳距離與地理距離分別為r=0.2228 (p=0.0209*)和r=0.3825 (p=0.0118*)，顯示二者皆有顯著的相關性，符合距離隔離模式。
3. RAPD分子標誌分析，僅有18個引子具有多型性及再現性良好，在綠天竺草可擴增出117條條帶，其中有89條具有多型性DNA條帶，多型性比例佔73.2％，遺傳分化指數(Gst)為0.4625，基因流(Nm)為0.5811，遺傳距離矩陣介於0.0302-0.2205間，以遺傳相似度0.10為截點可分為4群，第一群包含-台北、桃園、新竹、苗栗、台中及彰化地區；第二群包含-雲林、嘉義及台南地區；第三群包含-台東、花蓮及宜蘭地區；第四群包含-高雄和屏東地區。在天竺草可擴增出105條條帶，其中有72條具有多型性DNA條帶，多型性比例佔66.5％，遺傳分化指數(Gst)為0.5229，基因流(Nm)為0.4563，遺傳距離矩陣介於0.0401-0.2342間，以遺傳相似度0.11為截點可分為4群，第一群包含-台中、雲林、南投及嘉義地區；第二群包含-台南和高雄地區；第三群為屏東地區；第四群包含-台東和花蓮地區。綠天竺草和天竺草族群的遺傳距離與地理距離分別為r=0.5230 (p=0.0000*)和r=0.6912 (p=0.0000*)，顯示二者皆有顯著的相關性，符合距離隔離模式。
4. 在本試驗中14個地區之綠天竺草及9個地區之天竺草，經由調查農藝性狀、ISSR及RAPD分析結果，得知調查農藝性狀歸群結果易受環境等因子影響；而ISSR和RAPD之結果皆有地理位置較近者，歸為同一群中，並以ISSR的分析較RAPD具有高的靈敏度。

In this study, the genetic diversity of 74 green panicgrass (Panicum maximum var. trichoglume) and 41 guineagrass (Panicum maximum) in Taiwan was discussed by using the agronomic characters, inter simple sequence repeat (ISSR), and random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD). Results were summarized as follow:
1. Based on the 12 agronomic characters to examine 14 test regions in which containing 74 green panicgrass, the genetic distance was located from 4.3 to 26.5. They can be divided into 5 groups based on the Euclidean distances 13 as the critical point. The first group included Taipei, Taichung, Taitung, Tainan and Hualine, the second group included Taoyuan, Chiayi, Hsinchu, and Miaoli, the third included Changhua, Kaohsiung, and Yunlin, the fourth and fifth groups included Yilan and Pingtung, respectively. In the 9 test regions that included 41 guineagrass, the genetic distance was located from 10.5 to 74.7. It can be divided into 4 groups based on the Euclidean distances 29 as the critical point. The first group included Taichung, Chiayi, Yunlin and Tainan, the second group included Kaohsiung and Taitung, the third group included Pingtung and Hualien, the fourth group included Nantou.
2. According to the ISSR analysis, 10 out of 100 UBC primers were positive. In green panicgrass, total of 54 bands were amplified, and there were 46 bands to possess the polymorphic typing, the percentage of polymorphic is 83.7％. The values of genetic differentiation (Gst) is 0.5517, the gene flow (Nm) is 0.4063, and the genetic diatance matrix was located from 0.0535 to 0.3574. They can be divided into 5 groups based on the genetic similarity of 0.15 as the critical point. The first group included Taipei and Taoyuan, the second group included Hsinchu, Miaoli, Taichung and Changhua, the third group included Tainan, Pingtung, Taitung, Hualine and Yunlin, the fourth group included Yilan and Chiayi, and the fifth group included Kaohsiung. For about guineagrass, total of 49 bands were generated, and there were 36 bands to have revealed the polymorphic typing, the percentage of polymorphic is 68.5％. The values of genetic differentiation (Gst) is 0.5779, the gene flow (Nm) is 0.3652, and the genetic diatance matrix was located from 0.0188 to 0.3055. They can be divided into 4 groups based on the genetic similarity of 0.11 as the critical point. The first group included Taichung, Nantou and Yunlin, the second group included Chiayi, Tainan and Kaohsiung, the third group included Pingtung, the fourth group included Taitung and Hualien. On this two species, the values of genetic distance and geographic distance is r=0.2228 (p=0.0209*) and r=0.3825 (p=0.0118*), respectively. These results revealed that they showing the significantly relationship with each other, and agreement with the model of distant isolation.
3. According to the RAPD analysis, 18 out of 40 random primers were positive. In green panicgrass, total of 117 bands were amplified, and there were 89 bands to possess the polymorphic typing, the percentage of polymorphic is 73.2％. The values of genetic differentiation (Gst) is 0.4625, the gene flow (Nm) is 0.5811, the genetic diatance matrix was located from 0.0302 to 0.2205. They can be divided into 4 groups based on the genetic similarity of 0.10 as the critical point. The first group included Taipei and Taoyuan, Hsinchu, Miaoli, Taichung and Changhua, the second group included Yunlin, Chiayi and Tainan, the third group included Taitung, Hualine and Yilan, and fourth group included Kaohsiung and Pingtung. For about guineagrass, total of 105 bands were amplified, and there were 72 bands to possess the polymorphic typing, the percentage of polymorphic is 66.5％. The values of genetic differentiation (Gst) is 0.5229, the gene flow (Nm) is 0.4563, the genetic diatance matrix was located from 0.0401 to 0.2342. They can be divided into 4 groups based on the genetic similarity of 0.11 as the critical point. The first group included Taichung, Yunlin, Nantou and Chiayi, the second group included Tainan and Kaohsiung, the third group included Pingtung, the fourth group included Taitung and Hualien. On this two species, the values of genetic distance and geographic distance is r=0.5230 (p=0.0000*) and r=0.6912 (p=0.0000*), respectively. These results revealed that they showing the significantly relationship with each other, and agreement with the model of distant isolation.
4. In this test, we have collected the green ganicgrass and guineagrass from differentially 14 and 9 locations, respectively. According to the results from the studies of agronomic characters, ISSR, and RAPD analysis, indicating that the results from the agronomic characters analysis were influenced by those environmental factors. Therefore, the species involved in one group is selected according to the nearly geographical distance by the results of ISSR and RAPD analysis. Moreover, there are more accuracy and sensitivity of the results from the ISSR than RAPD analysis.

目 錄
頁次
表目錄......................................................................................................Ⅱ
圖目錄......................................................................................................Ⅴ
壹、前言......................................................................................................1
貳、前人研究
一、天竺草之植株特性與分佈..............................................................2
二、天竺草及其相關分子標誌技術研究..............................................4
參、材料與方法
一、試驗材料..........................................................................................9
二、試驗方法........................................................................................16
三、資料分析........................................................................................20
肆、結果
一、農藝性狀之調查............................................................................22
二、種子發芽率....................................................................................52
三、ISSR分析結果.............................................................................55
四、RAPD分析結果.............................................................................75
伍、討論...................................................................................................95
陸、參考文獻..........................................................................................102
柒、附錄..................................................................................................108

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