臺灣博碩士論文加值系統

本研究論文之主要目的是在無線區域網路環境下研究行動式網路之應用與架構相關之技術，並於嵌入式系統上研發具行動式網路架構之行動式路由器。本研究論文之內容包括三個部份：行動式網路之應用與架構研究、網路處理器上嵌入式系統的研究及研發具備行動式網路功能之嵌入式行動式路由器。透過本研究論文之成果，將可應用Mobile IP通訊協定及行動式網路架構之相關技術，並將現有無線網路接取技術提升為任意移動及無線漫遊之網路環境，同時結合嵌入式系統開放架構特性與優點，提供使用者一個完整且安全之無線網路接取環境。更重要的是，在未來規劃與設計公眾交通工具時，融合行動式網路之理念與考量，提供以IPv6網路為基礎之全民無線寬頻上網環境，以達到Ubiquitous Computing理想。
本研究已在嵌入式Linux系統上完成行動式路由器架構建置、介面定義以及實作。藉由行動式路由器及Mobile IPv6相關文獻資料及標準規範收集與探討，完成行動式路由器運作架構及模組之定義。結合以上研發成果，完成行動式路由器之模組架構及實作。
傳統Mobile IP機制必須由各行動節點自行對其Home Agent以及各Access Router做各種換區以及註冊等行為。此機制在節點數量較少時，可發揮較大之功效。然而若於交通工具上，眾多行動節點同時換區，將會造成行動網路上同時間眾多註冊封包流竄，導致網路效能降低。行動路由器可代替眾多行動節點，代理換區服務，若行動路由器下之行動節點數量龐大，將會對整體效能有極顯的提升。
本論文將由各方面，如Round-Trip Time、Hand off Latency以及數學方面來對本研究之嵌入式行動路由器作效能分析，以及使用ICMP封包機制與傳統Mobile IPv6漫遊機制以及個人電腦上架設之行動路由器比較，顯示出嵌入式行動路由器未來之優勢。

The goal of this thesis is to research the Network Mobility architecture and applications in the Wireless LAN environment, also develop the Embedded Linux based Mobile Router with Network Mobility architecture and functions. There are three main parts in the thesis: the research of Network Mobility application and architecture, Embedded Linux for Network Processor and Developing Embedded Linux based Mobile Router. By doing so, it promotes the Mobile IP technology and the foundation of Network Mobility in the future Wireless LAN environment. Combing the characteristics and advantages of Open Source Embedded Linux, users can access Internet services anytime, anywhere and any space. The world of ubiquitous computing and high bandwidth Internet access will come true soon.
This thesis finished Mobile Router architecture, definition of interfaces, and implementation on Embedded Linux System. Through some related works and standardization of Mobile Router and Mobile IPv6, the operating architecture and module definition of Mobile Router are finished and its performance is analyzed in several aspects.
In traditional Mobile IP mechanism, every Mobile Node has to process the hand off and registration to its Home Agent and each Access Router by itself. This mechanism will have better performance while the number of Mobile Nodes is small. However, if many Mobile Nodes hand off at the same time in conveyances, there will be many registration packets on the Mobile Network and decrease the performance. A Mobile Router can process hand off progresses for many Mobile Nodes at a same time. If there are a lot of Mobile Nodes under the Mobile Router, the performance will increase obviously.
This thesis will analyze the embedded Mobile Router with Round-Trip Time, Hand off Latency and mathematical aspects. And use ICMP packets to compare with traditional Mobile IPv6 and Mobile Router established on PC, to indicate the advantages of embedded Mobile Router in the future.

中文摘要.................................................. I
ABSTRACT..................................................II
CONTENTS.................................................. 1
LIST OF FIGURES........................................... 3
LIST OF TABLES............................................ 5
CHAPTER 1 INTRODUCTION.................................... 6
1.1 MOTIVATION............................................ 6
1.2 ORGANIZATION OF THIS THESIS........................... 9
CHAPTER 2 BACKGROUND KNOWLEDGE............................10
2.1 NETWORK MOBILITY (NEMO)...............................10
2.1.1 Mobile IP...........................................10
2.1.1.1 Introduction of Mobile IP.........................10
2.1.1.2 Routing Optimization of Mobile IP.................12
2.1.2 Mobile Network......................................13
2.1.2.1 Requirements and Basic Supports of NEMO...........13
2.1.2.2 Solutions of NEMO’s Supports.....................15
2.1.2.3 Basic Operations of NEMO..........................18
2.1.2.4 Routing Optimization of NEMO......................19
2.2 ARCHITECTURE OF EMBEDDED OPERATING SYSTEM.............24
2.2.1 Linux...............................................24
2.2.2 μCLinux............................................25
2.2.3 μCLinux Develop Environment........................26
2.3 RELATED RESEARCH......................................33
2.3.1 Connexion by BoeingSM...............................33
2.3.2 Internet CAR........................................35
2.3.3 mobile-ipv6.org.....................................36
2.3.4 Binding Updates by Using Multicast Mechanism........36
CHAPTER 3 SYSTEM DESIGN...................................39
3.1 COMMON EMBEDDED DEVELOP ENVIRONMENT...................40
3.2 MOBILE IPV6 AND NEMO SYSTEM DESIGN....................41
3.2.1 Implementation of Mobile IPv6.......................41
3.2.1.1 Mobile IPv6 Support Patch.........................42
3.2.1.2 Routing Advertisement Support Patch of Mobile IPv642
3.2.1.3 Mobile IPv6 Software..............................43
3.2.2 Implementation of NEMO..............................43
3.2.2.1 NEMO Support Patch................................44
3.2.2.2 Routing Advertisement Support Patch of NEMO.......45
3.2.2.3 NEMO Software.....................................45
3.2.3 Packet Header Format................................46
CHAPTER 4 PERFORMANCE ANALYSIS AND DISCUSSION.............47
4.1 SCENARIO ENVIRONMENT..................................47
4.2 ENVIRONMENT CONFIGURATION.............................49
4.3 PERFORMANCE ANALYSIS..................................50
4.4 MOBILE ROUTER HAND OFF ANALYSIS.......................53
CHAPTER 5 CONCLUSION AND FUTURE WORK......................57
5.1 CONCLUSION............................................57
5.2 FUTURE WORK...........................................57
REFERENCES................................................59

[1] S. Deering and R. Hinden, “Internet Protocol, Version 6 (IPv6) Specification,” RFC 2460, Dec. 1998.
[2] D. Johnson, C. Perkins and J. Arkko, “Mobility Support in IPv6,” RFC 3775, Jun. 2004.
[3] V. Devarapalli, R. Wakikawa, A. Petrescu and P. Thubert, “Network Mobility (NEMO) Basic Support Protocol,” RFC 3963, Jan. 2005.
[4] uClinuxTM : Embedded Linux Microcontroller Project, http://www.uclinux.org
[5] Connexion by BoeingSM, http://www.connexionbyboeing.com/
[6] J.H. Kim, K. Leung, K. Echols, D. Shell and M. Denny, “Demonstration of Static Network Mobile Router for Mobile Platforms,” Proceedings of the Communications for Network-Centric Operations: Creating the Information Force on Military Communications Conference, Vol.2, pp.746-750, Oct. 2001.
[7] R. Gilligan, S. Thomson, J. Bound, J. McCann and W. Stevens, “Basic Socket Interface Extensions for IPv6,” RFC 3493, Feb. 2003.
[8] W. Stevens, M. Thomas, E. Nordmark and T. Jinmei, “Advanced Sockets Application Program Interface (API) for IPv6,” RFC 3542, May. 2003.
[9] S. Chakrabarti and E. Nordmark, “Extension to Sockets API for Mobile IPv6,” draft-ietf-mip6-mipext-advapi-04, May, 2005.
[10] T. Ernst, K. Uehara and K. Mitsuya, “Network Mobility from the InternetCAR Perspective,” Proceedings of the 17th International Conference on Advanced Information Networking and Applications International Conference, pp.19-25 Mar. 2003.
[11] MIPL (Mobile IPv6 for Linux) Project, NEPL (NEMO Platform for Linux) Project, http://mobile-ipv6.org
[12] Y.C. Chang, J.L. Chen, H.C. Chao and S.Y. Kuo, “OSA-Based Service Platform for All-IPv6 Network Environments,” IEEE Journal on Selected Areas in Communications, Vol.23, No.11, pp.2172-2181, Nov. 2005.
[13] Microsoft Windows Embedded Developer Center, http://msdn2.microsoft.com/en-us/embedded/default.aspx
[14] Linux IPv6 Router Advertisement Daemon (radvd), http://www.litech.org/radvd/
[15] T. Narten and R. Draves, “Privacy Extensions for Stateless Address Autoconfiguration in IPv6,“ RFC 3041, Jan. 2001.
[16] S. Kent and R. Atkinson, “IP Authentication Header,” RFC 2402, Nov. 1998.
[17] S. Kent and R. Atkinson, “IP Encapsulating Security Payload (ESP),” RFC 2406, Nov. 1998.
[18] A. Shacham, R. Monsour, R. Pereira and M. Thomas, “IP Payload Compression Protocol (IPComp),” RFC 2393, Dec. 1998.
[19] P. Srisuresh, “Security Model with Tunnel-mode IPsec for NAT Domains,” RFC 2709, Oct. 1999.
[20] A. Durand, P. Fasano, I. Guardini and D. Lento, “IPv6 Tunnel Broker,“ RFC 3053, Jan. 2001.
[21] A. Mishra, M. Shin and W. Arbaugh, “An Empirical Analysis of the IEEE 802.11 MAC Layer Handoff Process,” ACM SIGCOMM Computer Communication Review, Vol.33, No.2, Apr. 2003.
[22] T. Narten, E. Nordmark and W. Simpson, “Neighbor Discovery for IP Version 6 (IPv6),” RFC2461, Dec. 1998.
[23] 802.16-2001 (Superseded) IEEE Standard for Local and Metropolitan Area Networks - Part 16: Standard Air Interface for Fixed Broadband Wireless Access Systems
[24] 802.16A-2003 (Superseded) IEEE Standard for Local and metropolitan area networks - Part 16: Air Interface for Fixed Broadband Wireless Access Systems—Amendment 2: Medium Access Control Modifications and Additional Physical Layer Specifications for 2–11 GHz
[25] 802.16-2004 IEEE Standard for Local and metropolitan area networks Part 16: Air Interface for Fixed Broadband Wireless Access Systems
[26] J. He, J.S. Yang, Y. Kim and A.S. Kim, “System-Level Time-Domain Behavioral Modeling for a Mobile WiMax Transceiver,” Proceedings of the 2006 IEEE International on Behavioral Modeling and Simulation Workshop, pp.138-143, Sept. 2006.
[27] J. Gozalvez, “Mobile WiMAX Rollouts Announced [Mobile Radio],” IEEE Vehicular Technology Magazine, Vol.1, No.3, pp.53-59, Spet. 2006.
[28] F.J. Velez, V. Carvalho, D. Santos, R.P. Marcos, R. Costa, P. Sebastiao and A. Rodrigues, “Aspects of Cellular Planning for Emergency and Safety Services in Mobile WiMax Networks,” Proceedings of the 2006 1st International Symposium on Wireless Pervasive Computing, pp.16-18, Jan. 2006.