臺灣博碩士論文加值系統

鯔魚（Ｍugil cephalus）俗稱烏魚(gray mullet)廣泛分布於熱帶海域 ,從北緯42度至南緯42度皆有其分佈(Thomson，1966) 。全世界之鯔魚產卵場，共有四個海域，皆有大群洄遊現象，是台灣地區重要的經濟性魚類之一。本研究選擇比較烏魚的粒線體DNA cytochrome b（Cyt-b）部分序列的變異，來推測西太平洋邊緣不同地區烏魚族群的關係及族群的動態歷史。
　　本實驗所採用的烏魚共計四十五尾，其中包括五個採樣點：（一）福隆沿海（2005年1月）七尾，（二）大鵬灣（1997年2月）八尾，（三）高雄外海 ( 1997 年1月 )十一尾，（四）上海沿海（1995年11月）十一尾，（五）日本明海（Nakasaki）沿海（1998年7月）八尾共四十五尾烏魚。經定序出來的Cyt-b部分序列，以Clustal W 軟體進行序列比對，結果發現共可分為十三種不同的單倍基因型（haplotypes）。在所選取的454個鹼基對中，有42個鹼基對有變異，說明Cyt- b的保守性並非很高。在十三種單倍基因型中，日本採樣點含有六種，福隆沿海採樣點含有四種，而大部分洄游的烏魚個體均屬於同一種單倍基因型（含有26尾烏魚）。很明顯的台灣本地族群和日本在地族群等未參與洄游的族群，個體間之遺傳變異較大，而洄游族群個體間的遺傳變異較小。說明洄游族群的個體間基因交流順暢。
　　將西太平洋邊緣五個採樣點的烏魚之Cyt-b部分序列以Neighbor-joining (NJ)的方法及Minimun Evolution (ME)的方法建構類緣關係樹。又將Cyt-b部分序列轉譯成胺基酸序列後，再由NJ法及ME法建構類緣關係樹。把烏魚分成兩大群，一大群為台灣本地族群（GP2）, 另一大群包含洄游族群及日本在地族群（GP1）。GP2又可區分兩群，台灣本地1群 (GP2-1)、台灣本地2群(GP2-2)。經由鹼基替代率的差異及單倍基因型多樣性的比較可說明台灣本地群（GP2）是洄游群及日本在地群（GP1）的祖群。GP2-1可能為GP2-2的祖群。

Variation of the mitochindrial DNA cytochrome b and population genetics of the grey mullet (Mugil cephalus) in the western Pacific fringe
The cirumtropically distributed grey mullet (Mugil cephalus) which occurs in waters surrounding Taiwan on the western Pacific fringe is divided into at least two stocks (migratory and residential), but questions regarding the level of genetic divergence and gene flow between them remain to be answered. To cast more light on this,sequence variations at 45 grey mullet from 5 localities were analyzed. PCR-based DNA polymorphism was used for analysis of the mitochondrial cytochrome b (Cyt b ). Seven haplotypes in the Cyt b were identified. Based on 454 bp of mitochondrial cytochrome b sequence data, we found support for two clades of the grey mullet in the western Pacific fringe. The Japan population was always phylogenetically nested within migratory type, suggesting that the Japan population may recently evolve from migratory type.

中文摘要..................................................................................................Ⅰ
英文摘要..................................................................................................Ⅲ
目錄..........................................................................................................Ⅳ
表目錄......................................................................................................Ⅴ
圖目錄......................................................................................................Ⅵ
附錄..........................................................................................................Ⅶ
壹、前言.................................................................................................... 1
貳、前人研究............................................................................................ 3
參、材料與方法........................................................................................10
肆、結果....................................................................................................14
伍、討論....................................................................................................17
陸、參考文獻............................................................................................21
附表..........................................................................................................29
附圖..........................................................................................................40
附錄..........................................................................................................49

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