臺灣博碩士論文加值系統

台灣因地勢陡峻，使得溪床淘刷情形嚴重。為防止溪床的過度淘刷，於野溪治理之工法上不外乎設置工程構造物，但過多的橫向構造物將使溪流截成不連續區間，因而對生物棲息環境造成嚴重衝擊。
本研究於室內以圓弧型開口式固床工分別對水流特性、水流流速、水流對床型的沖淤變化、床型的歧異度指標(SDI: Shannon Diversity Index)、達西阻力係數(Darcy’s friction factor)及對傳統式固床工與林原巧(2005)之研究成果進行水工模型試驗及結果之分析比較。本研究歸納出下列結論：
床型型態隨著不同流量、床質粒徑、渠床坡度、開口型式而有不同的變化。於開口數量少時，其床型歧異度值較開口數量多時為大，可營造多變的床型形態，但要注意因水流匯集所產生的淘刷對結構物的負面影響。流量的增加，可以使投潭淘刷高阻力係數區的範圍增加，低阻力係數區的範圍減少。圓弧型開口式固床工較直線型開口式固床工更能增加床型歧異度值。

Steep terrain and abundant precipitation make torrents in Taiwan highly vulnerable to scour. Hence, transverse structures like groundsills are common practices implemented to control channel gradient and prevent channel beds from scouring. However, installation of transverse structures often dissects channel into segments that causes discontinuity in flow, an in turns, seriously affects wildlife habits.
The objective of this research is to evaluate the effects of circular open-slit groundsills on flow hydraulics and channel bedform characteristics. Indoor hydraulic tests were conducted using scaled circular open-slit groundsill models with different numbers of slit openings. Resultant channel bedform elevations were analyzed and expressed in term of Shannon Diversity Index. PIV method was used in a set of experiments to quantify the surface velocities. Depth-weighted Darcy's friction factor representing each hydraulic condition was also calculated. Results from this research were then compared to those from Lin (2005) who investigated the same effects caused by open-slot groundsills with linear geometry.
Results of this research can be summarized as follows. Characteristics of the channel bedforms depend on flow rates, sediment sizes, channel slopes, number of openings as well as the geometry of the groundsill. A groundsill with less slit openings will create more diverse channel bedforms due to flow concentration. However, deep scour caused by concentrated flow plunging into the channel bed may generate threat to structures. The high friction zone caused by plunging flow can expand toward downstream direction as flow rate increases, and low friction zone therefore decreases. Results of this study also illustrates that open-slot groundsills with circular geometry create higher diversity in channel bed than linear ones.

摘　　要 I
Abstract II
誌　　謝 IV
目　　錄 V
表　目　錄 VII
圖　目　錄 IX
照　片　目　錄 XIV
壹、前言 1
貳、文獻回顧 2
參、試驗設備、材料與方法 15
一、試驗渠槽與模型製作 16
二、試驗床質粒徑 19
三、試驗流量 22
四、水深、砂面高程及流速量測 24
肆、結果與討論 30
一、不同開口數量之圓弧型固床工對水流的影響 30
二、不同開口數量之圓弧型固床工對流速變化的影響 35
三、不同開口型式固床工間之渠床變化 43
四、不同開口型式圓弧型固床工間床型歧異度之變化 52
五、渠床阻力係數 65
六、傳統式直線型開口式及圓弧型開口式固床工之比較 75
伍、結論與建議 85
參考文獻 87
附錄 90
作者簡介 143

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