臺灣博碩士論文加值系統

本論文針對複金屬燈，設計一含返覆共振點火電路之新型複金屬燈電子安定器。電子安定器採雙級式架構，由功因修正電路與具電流控制之全橋換流器組成。換流器整合電流控制、濾波與點火等多項功\能。
全橋換流器一臂操作於低頻，另一臂操作於高頻。換流器的低頻側採用單向切換開關，於燈管未點亮前，配合儲能元件(電感與電容)的返覆共振，迅速累積點燈所需的高壓；高頻側則使用雙向切換開關，藉由導通率的調整，達到電流控制的目的。在此電路架構中，儲能元件兼具產生高壓與濾波器功能，濾除電路中高頻成分，以低頻方波定電流方式驅動燈管。
本文提出之電子安定器運用全橋換流器與儲能元件的電路架構安排，配合特殊的控制方式與參數設計，可滿足點燈暫態與穩態運轉需求，同時可減少電路元件，降低製造成本。

In this thesis, a novel electronic ballast that includes a repeatedly resonating ignition circuit is proposed for metal halide lamps. The proposed electronic ballast features a two-stage structure that comprises a power factor corrector and a full-bridge inverter used for current control, filtering and ignition.
The full-bridge inverter consists of a leg operating at low-frequency with unidirectional switches and a leg operating at high frequency with bidirectional switches. The low-frequency side performs repetitive resonating on the load circuit with inductors and capacitors to accumulate a high voltage for ignition. Adjusting the duty-ratio of the high-frequency side allows for the regulation of the lamp current. The inductors and capacitors in the load circuit function not only producing the high ignition voltage but also filtering out high-frequency components, so that to drive the lamp with a low-frequency square-wave current.
The proposed electronic ballast employing the full-bridge inverter with the specially designed control scheme and circuit parameters allows the metal halide lamp to tackle the demanding starting transient and steady state operation. With a simpler circuit structure and a reduced component count, the product cost will be much lower.

中文摘要 I
英文摘要 II
目錄 III
圖表目錄 V
第一章 簡介 1
1-1研究動機 1
1-2論文大綱 3
第二章 複金屬燈電子安定器架構分析 5
2-1電磁耦合式安定器 5
2-2電子安定器 6
第三章 點火器基本架構分析及設計 13
3-1點火器基本架構探討 13
3-2返覆諧振點火器設計概念 15
第四章 返覆共振累積高壓之點火器 22
4-1電子安定器架構 22
4-2高壓累積分析 24
4-2-1全橋換流器初始正序操作(S1導通、S4高頻切換) 27
4-2-2全橋換流器負序操作(S2導通、S3高頻切換) 28
4-2-3全橋換流器正序操作(S1導通、S4高頻切換) 29
4-3點火電路模擬 36
第五章 安定器穩定操作特性 37
5-1電路操作分析 37
5-2濾波電路分析 38
5-3電路參數設計 44
5-4穩定操作模擬 46
第六章 實驗量測 50
6-1點火電路高壓累積量測 50
6-2電路穩態特性量測 53
第七章 結論與討論 58
參考文獻 60

[1]N. Fukumori, H. Nishimura, K. Uchihashi, and M. Fukuhara, “A Study of HID Lamp Life when Operated by Electronic Ballasts,” J. Illum. Eng. Soc., pp. 41-47, Winter 1995.
[2]I. K. Lee, S. J. Choi, K. C. Lee, and B. H. Cho, “Modeling and Control of Automotive HID Lamp Ballast,” in Proc. IEEE PEDS’99, July 1999, vol. 1, pp. 506-510.
[3]S. A. Mucklejohn and B. Preston, “Low Wattage Metal Halide Lamps with Ceramic Arctubes 1980 to 2000,” J. Seminar on Electrical Discharges for Lighting, pp. 2/1-2/4, December 1999.
[4]M. Sugiura, “Review of Metal-Halide Discharge-Lamp Development 1980-1992,” J. Sci. Meas. Tech., vol. 140, no. 6, pp. 443-449, November 1993.
[5]Lighting Handbook, The 8th edition, Illuminating Engineering Society of North America, 1995.
[6]C. S. Moo, C. R. Lee, and Y. C. Chuang, “A Protection Circuit for Electronic Ballasts with Self-Excited Series-Load Resonant Inverter,” in Proc. IEEE IECON’96, August 1996, vol. 2, pp. 1116-1121.
[7]I. S. Yeo, D. H. Lee, and S. B. Song, “A Simple Electronic Starter Capable of End-Of-Life Protection for Fluorescent Lamps,” in Proc. IEEE APEC’99, March 1999, vol. 1, pp. 473-479.
[8]H. J. Faehnrich and E. Rasch, “Electronic Ballasts for Metal Halide Lamps,” J. Illum. Eng. Soc., pp. 131-140, Summer 1988.
[9]T. F. Lin, C. S. Moo, M. J. Soong, W. M. Chen, and C. R. Lee, “A High-Power-Factor Electronic Ballast for Metal Halide Lamps with Hot Restarting,” in Proc. IEEE IECON’00, October 2000, vol. 4, pp. 2261-2266.
[10]林再福，“複金屬燈特性研究及電子安定器設計”，國立中山大學電機工程學系博士論文，中華民國九十一年一月。
[11]W. Pabst and D. Klien, “Igniting High-Pressure Lamps with Electronic Ballasts,” J. Illum. Eng. Soc., pp. 14-20, Summer 1992.
[12]W. Yan, Y. K. E. Ho, and S. Y. R. Hui, “Stability Study and Control Methods for Small-Wattage High-Intensity-Discharge (HID) Lamps,” IEEE Trans. Ind. Appl., vol. 37, no. 5, pp. 1522 -1530, September-October 2001.
[13]S. Wada, A. Okada, and S. Morri, “Study of HID Lamps with Reduced Acoustic Resonances,” J. Illum. Eng. Soc., pp.162-175, Winter 1987.
[14]H. L. Witting, “Acoustic Resonances in Cylindrical High-Pressure Arc Dis-Charges,” J. Amer. Inst. Phys., pp. 2680-2683, May 1978.
[15]宋明俊，“複金屬燈特性研究”，國立中山大學電機工程學系碩士論文，中華民國八十九年六月。
[16]J. H. Chen, K. S. Ng, C. S. Moo, S. Y. Tang, and C. R. Lee, “Accelerating Start-up of Metal Halide Lamps,” in Proc. IEEE ISIE’06, July 2006, vol. 2, pp. 1317-1321.
[17]陳佳宏，“複金屬燈暫態特性與啟動策略之研究”，國立中山大學電機工程學系碩士論文，中華民國九十五年六月。
[18]M. A. Có, C. Z. Rezende, D. S .L. Simonetti, and J. L. F. Vieira, “Microcontrolled Electronic Gear for HID Lamps Comparisons with Electromagnetic Ballast,” in Proc. IEEE IECON’00, November 2002, vol. 1, pp. 468-472.
[19]K. F. Kwok, K. W. Eric Cheng, and D. Ping, “General Study for Design the HID Ballasts,” in Proc. IEEE ICPESA’06, November 2006, pp.182-185.
[20]C. S. Moo, C. R. Lee, and H. C. Yen, “A High-Power-Factor Constant-Frequency Electronic Ballast for Metal Halide Lamps,” in Proc. IEEE PESC’98, May 1998, vol. 2, pp. 1755-1760.
[21]C. S. Moo, C. K. Huang, and Y. N. Hsiao, “High-Frequency Electronic Ballast with Auto-Tracking Control for Metal Halide Lamps,” in Proc. IEEE IAS’03, October 2003, vol. 2, pp. 1025-1029.
[22]C. S. Moo, C. Y. Yang, C. K. Huang, and C. R. Lee, “Acoustic-Resonance-Free High-Frequency Electronic Ballast for Metal Halide Lamps,” in Proc. IEEE IPEC’05, April 2005, pp. 941-947.
[23]黃俊凱，“複金屬燈電子安定器之自動頻率追蹤控制”，國立中山大學電機工程學系碩士論文，中華民國九十二年五月。
[24]楊景元，“具自動頻率搜尋功能之複金屬燈電子安定器”，國立中山大學電機工程學系碩士論文，中華民國九十四年五月。
[25]H. Peng, S. Ratanapanachote, P. Enjeti, L. Laskai, and I. Pitel, “Evaluation of Acoustic Resonance in Metal Halide (MH) Lamps and An Approach to Detect Its Occurrence,” in Proc. IEEE IAS’97, October 1997, vol. 3, pp. 2276-2283.
[26]J. Olsen and W. P. Moskowitz, “Time Resolved Measurements of HID Lamp Acoustic Frequency Spectra,” in Proc. IEEE IAS’98, October 1998, vol. 3, pp. 2111-2116.
[27]L. Laskai, P. N. Enjeti, and I. J. Potel, “White-Noise Modulation of High-Frequency High- Intensity Discharge Lamp Ballasts,” IEEE Trans. Ind. Appl., vol. 34, no. 3, pp. 597-605, May-June 1998.
[28]J. Zhou, L. Ma, and Z. Qian, “A Novel Method for Testing Acoustic Resonance of HID Lamps,” in Proc. IEEE APEC’99, March 1999, vol. 1, pp. 480-485.
[29]M. Ponce, A. López, J. Correa, J. Arau, and J. M. Alonso, “Electronic Ballast for HID Lamps with High Frequency Square Waveform to Avoid Acoustic Resonances,” in Proc. IEEE APEC’01, March 2001, vol. 2, pp. 658-663.
[30]R. Osorio, M. Ponce, and A. Oliver, “Analysis and Design of A Dimming Control Using Sliding Mode Control Strategy for Electronic Ballast Free of Acoustic Resonances,” in Proc. IEEE APEC’04, vol. 1, pp. 159-163.
[31]J. M. Alonso, J. Ribas, M. Rico-Secades, J. García, J. J. Cardesín, and M. A. D. costa, “Evaluation of High-Frequency Sinusoidal Waveform Superposed with Third Harmonic for Stable Operation of Metal Halide Lamps,” IEEE Trans. Ind. Appl., vol. 41, no. 3, pp. 721-727, May-June 2005.
[32]C. M. Huang, T. J. Liang, R. L. Lin, and J. F. Chen, “A Novel Constant Power Control Circuit for HID Electronic Ballast,” IEEE Trans. Pow. Elec., vol. 22, no. 3, pp. 854-862, May 2007.
[33]M. A. Có, C. Z. Resende, D. S. L. Simonetti, J. L. F. Vieira, and P. C. A. Almeida, “Microcontrolled electronic gear for low wattage metal halide (MH) and high-pressure sodium (HPS) lamps,” in Proc. IEEE IAS’02, October 2002, vol. 3, pp. 1863-1868.
[34]H. Li, M. Shen, Y. Jiang, and Z. Qian, “A Novel Low-Frequency Electronic Ballast for HID Lamps,” IEEE Trans. Ind. Appl., vol. 41, no. 5, pp. 1401-1408, September-October 2005.
[35]T. J. Liang, C. A. Cheng, and W. S. Lai, “A Novel Two-Stage High-Power-Factor Low-Frequency HID Electronic Ballast,” in Proc. IEEE IECON’03, November 2003, vol. 3, pp. 2607-2612.
[36]D. H. J. van Casteren, and M. A. M. Hendrix, “Stacked Buck Converter for HID Lamps,” in Proc. IEEE IAS’04, October 2004, vol. 1, pp. 693-697.
[37]M. Shen, Z. Qian, and F. Z. Peng, “Control Strategy of A Novel Two-Stage Acoustic Resonance Free Electronic Ballast for HID Lamps,” in Proc. IEEE PESC’02, June 2002, vol. 1, pp. 209-212.
[38]M. Shen, Z. Qian, and F. Z. Peng, “Design of A Two-Stage Low-Frequency Square-Wave Electronic Ballast for HID Lamps,” IEEE Trans. Ind. Appl., vol. 39, no. 2, pp. 424-430, March-April 2003.
[39]Z. Zuo and D. Xu, “Ignition Design of Digital Ballast for Low Wattage Metal Halide Lamps,” in Proc. IEEE APEC’06, March 2006, pp. 693-697.
[40]J. Xu, M. Chen, and Z. Qian, “New Control Strategy for A Two-Stage Low-Frequency Square-Wave Electronic Ballast for MHD Lamp,” in Proc. IEEE APEC’06, March 2006, pp. 1028-1032.
[41]M. A. Có, M. Brumatti,D. S. L. Simonetti, and J. L. F. Vieira, “Single Stage Electronic Ballast for HID Lamps,” in Proc. IEEE IAS’03, October 2003, vol. 1, pp. 339-344.
[42]Y. Yang, Z. Qian, and X. Wu, “A Novel Single-Stage Low-Frequency Square-Wave Electronic Ballast for Low-Wattage HID Lamp,” in Proc. IEEE APEC’05, March 2005, vol. 2, pp. 1048-1052.
[43]M. Ponce, E. Flores, and R. Osorio, “Analysis and Design of Igniters for HID Lamps Fed with Square Waveforms,” in Proc. IEEE PESC’04, June 2004, vol. 1, pp. 396-400.
[44]F. J. Azcondo, F. J. Díaz, R. Casanueva, C. Brañas, and R. Zane, “Low-Frequency Square-Wave Electronic Ballast with Resonant Ignition Using Digital Mode and Power Control,” in Proc. IEEE APEC’06, March 2006, pp. 1044-1050.
[45]J. Melis and O. Vila-Moasot, “Low Frequency Square Wave Electronic Ballast for Gas Discharge,” U. S. Patent 5,428,268, June 27, 1995.
[46]A. Maheshwari, T. Yamauchi, and K. Uchihashi, “Discharge Lamp Dirving,” U. S. Patent 5,932,976, August 3, 1999.
[47]法闌度、艾契托及瓊安諾，“高強度放電(HID)燈之兩線式點火器”，中華民國專利證書新型第81200025號，中華民國八十一年七月二十一日。
[48]艾倫、依及布朗，“高強度放電燈點火用之電路裝置”，中華民國專利證書新型第85203470號，中華民國八十六年七月二十一日。
[49]伊斯恩 L. 佛羅里四世，“供啟動傳統高強度放電燈及供啟動與重新啟動具熱重新啟動能力之高強度放電燈之燈泡啟動器”，中華民國專利證書發明第089105810號，中華民國九十一年一月十一日。
[50]C. S. Moo, T. F. Lin, and Y. C. Chuang, “Designing An Ignitor for Short-Arc Xenon Lamps,” in Proc. IEEE IAS’99, October 1999, vol. 1, pp. 612-617.
[51]T. F. Lin, C. S. Moo, and Y. C. Hsieh, “An Electronic Gear for Short-Arc Xenon Lamps,” in Proc. IEEE PCC’02, April 2002, vol. 3, pp. 1468-1472.
[52]林再福，“氙燈電子安定器設計”，國立中山大學電機工程學系碩士論文，中華民國八十七年六月。