臺灣博碩士論文加值系統

增加配電系統中分散式電源的併聯容量時，視其輸出大小與併聯位置和採用的電壓控制策略，會造成不等程度之過電壓或低電壓的情況。本論文介紹典型的電壓控制策略，並提出建議方案，以期增加分散式電源的併聯容量。本研究運用機率負載潮流的方法，展現各控制策略於分散式電源與負載變動之控制效能，而該效能以電壓變動改善指標與超限風險評估的方法來比較。

With increasing level of distributed generation（DG）on radial feeders in electric distribution systems, it could cause over-voltages as well as under-voltages depending on several factors including DG capacity, locations, and the strategy of voltage regulation. This thesis describes the typical and proposed voltage control strategies that could allow the increase of DG interconnection capacity. By using probabilistic load flow technique, voltage regulation performance for cases with different levels of DG outputs, demands and voltage control strategies are presented. They are compared by using a voltage profile improvement index and a risk assessment technique.

中文摘要.........................................................................................................I
英文摘要........................................................................................................II
目錄...............................................................................................................III
圖目錄............................................................................................................V
表目錄........................................................................................................VII

第一章 緒論 ................................................................................................1
1-1研究背景與動機.......................................................................1
1-2相關研究回顧...........................................................................1
1-3論文架構................................................................................3

第二章 電壓控制／虛功補償方法與電壓變動評估.................................5
2-1電壓調整裝置概述......................................................................5
2-1-1 靜態電容器.....................................................................5
2-1-2 有載分接頭切換器...........................................................8
2-1-3 線路電壓調整器.............................................................12
2-2 饋線電壓控制方法與流程.........................................................17
2-2-1 靜態電容器的裝設位置及控制方法................................17
2-2-2 有載分接頭切換器的控制方法........................................21
2-3 機率負載潮流的應用.................................................................29
2-3-1 系統變動因子....................................................................30
2-3-2 系統隨機模型....................................................................30
2-3-3 機率負載潮流的流程........................................................31
2-4 電壓控制策略的評估方法.........................................................33

第三章 提高分散式電源併聯容量的控制策略比較....................................35
3-1電壓控制策略與設備說明.........................................................35
3-2電壓控制策略比較......................................................................42

第四章 模擬分析與討論................................................................................43
4-1模擬系統簡介........................................................................43
4-2結果分析討論........................................................................50
4-3 本章結論.....................................................................................64

第五章 結論與未來研究方向.................................................................67
5-1結論與建議..........................................................................67
5-2未來研究方向..............................................................................68

參考文獻.......................................................................................................69

[1]Tran, K., Vaziri, M., “Effects of Dispersed Generation（DG）on Distribution Systems,” IEEE PES General Meeting, vol. 3, pp. 2173~2178, 2005.
[2]Dai, C.S., Baghzouz, Y., “Impact of Distributed Generation on Voltage Regulation by LTC Transformer,” IEEE 11th Intl. Conference on Harmonics and Quality of Power, pp. 770~773, 2004.
[3]Baghzouz, Y., “Voltage Regulation and Overcurrent Protection Issues in Distribution Feeders with Distribution Generation- A Case Study,” Proceedings of the 38th Hawaii Intl. Conference on System Sciences, Paper 2, 2005.
[4]Kojovic, L., “Impact of DG on Voltage Regulation,” Proceedings of IEEE PES Summer Meeting, Vol.1, pp. 97~102, 2002.
[5]Hiscock, J., Hiscock, N., Kennedy, A., “Advanced Voltage Control for Networks with Distributed Generation,” Proceedings of CIRED 19th Intl. Conference, Paper No. 0148, 2007.
[6]Thornley, V., Jenkins, N., Reay, P., “Field Experience with Active Network Management of Distribution Networks with Distribution Generation,” Proceedings of CIRED 19th Intl. Conference, Paper No. 0502, 2007.
[7]Bignucolo, F., Caldon, R., Valente, M., “Probabilistic Voltage Estimation for the Active Control of Distribution Networks,” Proceedings of CIRED 19th Intl. Conference, Paper No. 0124, 2007.
[8]Conti, S., Greco, A.M., “Innovative Voltage Regulation Method for Distribution Networks with Distributed Generation,” Proceedings of CIRED 19th Intl. Conference, Paper No. 0773, 2007.
[9]Hatziargyiou, N.D., Karakatsanis, T.S., Lorentzou, M.I., “Voltage Control Setting to Increase Wind Power Based on Probabilistic Load
Flow,” Proceedings of Intl. Conference on Probabilistic Methods Applied to Power Systems, pp. 737~741, Sept. 2004.
[10]陳在相, 江龍生, “考慮風力發電機併網之配電饋線電壓控制分析”, 中華民國第二十六屆電力工程研討會, 中華民國94年.
[11]陳在相, 王閔賢, 楊金石, 許炎豐, “分散型發電併網運轉對配電系統常用電壓控制方法之衝擊與影響研究”, 中華民國第二十七屆電力工程研討會, 中華民國95年.
[12]陳在相等, “配電饋線電壓品質控制技術之調查研究”, 台電工程月刊, 第692期, 中華民國95年.
[13]Candy Kwork, Atef S. Morched “Effect of Adding Distributed Generation to Distribution Networks – Case Study 1: Voltage regulation in 25kV weak system with wind and hydro generation interconnection,” CETC 2006-099(TR) Natural Resources Canada, Apr. 2006.
[14]蘇俊連, 蘇信益, “以電壓控制設備改善含分散式電源之配電系統電壓品質”, 中華民國第二十七屆電力工程研討會, 中華民國95年.
[15]Baran, M.E., Wu, F.F. “Network Reconfiguration in Distribution Systems for Loss Reduction and Load Balancing,” IEEE Trans. on Power Delivery, Vol.4, Issue.2, pp. 202~209, 1989.
[16]Iyer, H., Ray, S., Ramakumar, R., “Voltage Profile Improvement with Distributed Generation,” IEEE PES General Meeting, Vol.3, pp. 2977~2984, 2005.
[17]Su, C.L., “Distribution Probabilistic Load Flow Solution Considering Network Reconfiguration and Voltage Control Devices,” Proceedings of 15th PSCC, Liege, Session.10, Paper 3, Aug. 2005.
[18]Dusko Nedic, “Tap Adjustment in AC Load Flow,” UMIST, Sept. 2002.
[19]業務處, “配電技術手冊（二）-- 架空配電線路設計手冊”, 台灣電力公司, 中華民國88年.
[20]業務處, ”配電技術手冊（四）-- 地下配電線路設計”, 台灣電力公司, 中華民國88年.
[21]Cooper Power Systems Inc., “Voltage Regulator,” 1998.
[22]Cooper Power Systems Inc., “How Step-Voltage Regulators Operate,” 1993.
[23]Cooper Power Systems Inc., “Voltage Regulating Apparatus,” 2003.
[24]Saadat, H., “Power System Analysis,” McGraw Hill, Intl. editions, 1999.
[25]林士煥等譯, “電力系統分析（輸配電）,” McGraw Hill, 高立圖書公司, 中華民國89年.
[26]IEEE Std. 1547-2003, “IEEE 1547 Standard for Interconnecting Distributed Resources with Electric Power Systems”.
[27]能源與環境研究所, “再生能源發電系併聯技術要點（修正草案）”, 工業技術研究院, 中華民國95年11月.