臺灣博碩士論文加值系統

國小學童下課時間身體活動類型與影響因素
的年齡與性別差異
日期：2007年6月 研 究 生：陳門牽
指導教授：卓俊伶

摘 要
本研究主要在探討三與五年級國小學童下課時間身體活動類型與影響下課身體活動的因素及其性別差異。參與下課身體活動類型調查對象共183名；參與下課身體活動影響因素問卷調查的研究對象共307名。使用五天下課時間身體活動記錄表，記錄國小學童五天下課身體活動類型，以下課身體活動影響因素問卷，探討影響國小學童下課身體活動的原因。所得資料以描述統計與卡方考驗進行分析，在下課身體活動類型方面的發現如下：（一）全部學童最常參與的下課身體活動類型前五名依序為和同學聊天、坐在座位、追逐遊戲、在操場跑步與訂正錯字或寫功課；（二）女童參與教室與走廊附近輕度身體活動的比例高於男童，男童在戶外空間參與較激烈身體活動的比例高於女童；（三）五年級學童參與教室與走廊附近輕度身體活動的比例高於三年級，三年級學童在戶外空間參與較激烈身體活動的比例高於五年級。在影響因素的發現如下：（一）參與下課身體活動意願較高的男童受負向因素的影響，而降低參與身體活動的比例較女童低，受正向因素的影響而增加身體活動的比例則較高。參與下課身體活動意願較低的女童受負向的因素影響程度較男童高，受正向因素的影響程度則較低；（二）參與下課身體活動意願較高的三年級學童受負向因素的影響，而降低參與身體活動的比例較五年級學童低，受正向因素的影響而增加身體活動的比例則較高。參與下課身體活動意願較低的五年級學童受負向的因素影響程度較三年級學童高，受正向因素的影響程度則較低。

關鍵詞：下課時間、身體活動、年齡差異、性別差異

Age and Gender Differences in Elementary School Student’s Recess Activity Types and Determinants

Master’s Thesis, 2007 Men-chain Chern
Advisor：Hank Junling Jwo, Ph.D.

Abstract
The main purpose of this study was to investigate the elementary school students’ (3rd graders and 5th graders) physical activity types and the factors that affect them. Gender differences were alse examined. One hundred and eighty three students were surreyed during recess, three hundred and seven students finished the questionnaire about recess activities. A five-day recess activities form was used to record the types of students’ physical activities on the school days. The questionnaire of physical activities determinants was administered to investigate the factors concerning students’ recess activities. The data were analyzed by descriptive statistics and Chi-square test. The findings revealed that the students’ physical types as follows:(1) The top fives activities that students engaged in were: chatting, sitting on his/her seat, chasing, running on the playground, and correcting (or doing homework);(2) Girls preferred light activities around classrooms or hallways.On the other hand, about the recess activities of boys, the proportion of outdoor and intensive physical activities was higher; and (3) The 5th grade students prefer light physical activities. In comparison with the 3rd grade students, the 3rd graders have more intensive physical activities. The determinants of recess activities were as follows:(1) Compared to girls, there are less high-willingness engaged in intensive physical activity boys to be affected by negative factors to reduce their physical activities during recess. And more boys were apt to be affected by positive factors to increase their outdoor activities. While the girls with lower motivation to engage in physical activities are more likely to be affected by the negative factors and reduced physical activities than boy, vice versa, they were less affected by positive factors to engage in physical activities;and (2) The 3rd graders with higher motivation in physical activities affected by negative factors were less than those of 5th graders. And they were more likely to be affected by positive factors to engage in intensive physical activities. The 5th graders with lower motivation in physical activities during recess were liable to be affected by negative factors and reduced their activities, which are more than those of 3rd graders. And the low motivation 5th graders affected less by positive factors to increase physical activities.

Key word : recess, physical activity, age differences, gender differences

目 次
頁次
口試委員與系主任簽字證書.....................................................................i
授權書…....................................................................................................ii
中文摘要...................................................................................................iii
英文摘要...................................................................................................iv
謝誌............................................................................................................v
目次...........................................................................................................vi
表次...........................................................................................................ix
圖次.........................................................................................................xiv
第壹章 緒論………………………..……...….……….……………….1
第一節 問題背景.…...………………………………………………1第二節 研究問題………...………..……….………………………10第三節 研究假定與限制……………….…..……...………………10第四節 名詞解釋…...………………….…..………………………11第五節 研究的重要性………...………..………………………….13
第貳章 文獻探討……………………...………………...……………14
第一節 認知學習獲益.…...…………….…….……………………14
第二節 社會發展獲益……………….…….………………………16
第三節 身體健康獲益.…..……..……….…………………………20
第四節 下課身體活動的影響因素….……..…….………………..26
第五節 下課身體活動類型……….…………….…………………30
第六節 文獻探討小結………………………….….….….………..33
第七節 本研究的假說……………………………..….….………..34
第參章 研究方法與步驟.…………...…………….….………………35第一節 研究對象………………….………………….……………35
第二節 研究工具…………………………….….…………………36
第三節 研究流程………………………………..…………………39
第四節 資料處理與分析…………….………….…………………41
第肆章 結果與討論….…….…………….……….……………..……42
第一節 下課時間身體活動類型......................................................42
第二節 身體活動影響因素的性別與年齡差異的比較….……….56
第伍章 結論與建議..…………….…….….…….……………………90
第一節 結論………...………….………….….……………………90
第二節 建議…..…...…………….…….…….……………………..94
引用文獻..………………..……………………………………………..96
附錄……….…………………….………………………………..……103
附錄一：研究對象家長（監護人）同意書………………………104
附錄二：五日身體活動記錄調查表.….………….….……………105
附錄三：身體活動影響因素問卷調查表.………….…..…………106
附錄四：專家內容效度名單………………………………………110
附錄五：下課身體活動五日調查記錄表專家審查邀請函….…...111
附錄六：下課時間身體活動記錄調查表（專家審查）…………112
附錄七：下課身體活動影響因素專家審查邀請函………………113
附錄八：下課身體活動影響因素問卷（專家審查）……………114












表 次
頁次
表1 不同年級與性別學童下課時間身體活動類型分佈表……..…...45
表2 不同年級與性別學童下課時間
最喜歡參與的身體活動前10項比較表………….…….............48
表3 四組學童下課時間身體活動類型摘要表…………….………....52
表4 四組國小學童下課時間
最喜歡參與的身體活動前10項比較表…….….………………55
表5 「我會利用下課時間練習體育課要測驗的運動技能」
卡方考驗表……………………………………………..………..57
表6 「我認為下課時間是到戶外遊戲或運動的最好時間」
卡方考驗表………………………………………...…………….58
表7 「我認為下課時間是和同學在走廊散步聊天的最好時間」
卡方考驗表………………………………………………………59
表8 「我認為下課時間是在教室休息聊天的最好時間」
卡方考驗表………………………………………………………60
表9 「我會在下課時間到戶外玩遊戲或運動，
是想讓身體更健康」卡方考驗表………………………………60


表10 「我會因為心情不好而影響我的下課活動意願」
卡方考驗表…………………………………..………………..61
表11 「我認為遊戲或運動的地方太多高年級，
所以不想去那裡玩」卡方考驗表……………………………62
表12 「我害怕下課到戶外玩遊戲或運動會被欺負，
所以不想到戶外去玩」卡方考驗表…………………………63
表13 「我害怕下課到戶外玩遊戲或運動會受傷，
所以下課不想到戶外去玩」卡方考驗表……………………64
表14 「我因為下課時吃早餐，所以沒時間玩或運動」
卡方考驗表……………………………………………………65
表15 「我認為自己很會運動所以常常到戶外運動」
卡方考驗表……………………………………………………66
表16 「我認為自己不會運動所以不想到戶外運動」
卡方考驗表……………………………………………………66
表17 「我認為自己體力太差所以不想到戶外運動」
卡方考驗表……………………………………………………67
表18 「我不喜歡運動，下課都在教室或走廊
做較輕鬆的事或休息」卡方考驗表…………………………68


表19 「下課時同學找我玩或運動，
我會和同學到戶外玩或運動」卡方考驗表…………………69
表20 「下課沒人找我一起玩，就留在教室或走廊」
卡方考驗表……………………………………………………70
表21 「我的好朋友下課喜歡在教室或走廊，
我也和他們在教室或走廊」卡方考驗表……………………71
表22 「我不知道下課要做什麼，所以都自己一人
在教室或走廊閒逛」卡方考驗表……………………………72
表23 「我認為下課時和朋友到戶外玩遊戲或運動，
心裡很快樂」卡方考驗表……………………………………73
表24 「我認為下課時和朋友在教室或走廊聊天散步，
心裡很快樂」卡方考驗表……………………………………74
表25 「我會因為老師在下課時鼓勵，
而到戶外玩遊戲或運動」卡方考驗表………………………75
表26 「我因為下課時幫老師做事，
所以沒時間玩或運動」卡方考驗表…………………………76
表27 「我因為擔任班級幹部，
所以常沒有時間在下課運動」卡方考驗表…………………77

表28 「我在下課所做的戶外活動內容，
和體育課學到的運動技巧很像」卡方考驗表………………78
表29 「我會因為學校舉辦運動比賽而利用下課時間練習」
卡方考驗表……………………………………………………79
表30 「我因為犯錯被老師留在教室內」
卡方考驗表……………………………………………………79
表31 「我認為下課10分鐘太短了，
所以不想到樓下玩或運動」卡方考驗表……………………81
表32 「我認為下課20分鐘時間夠長，
所以會到樓下玩或運動」卡方考驗表………………………82
表33 「我因為要提前到科任教室等待上課，
所以不想到樓下玩或運動」卡方考驗表……………………83
表34 「因為老師延後下課，下課時間變短了，
所以不想到樓下玩」卡方考驗表……………………………84
表35 「我因為教室樓層太高，
所以不想到樓下玩遊戲或運動」卡方考驗表………………85
表36 「我會因為天氣太熱了而不想到戶外玩遊戲或運動」
卡方考驗表……………………………………………………86


表37 「我會因為天氣太冷了而不想到戶外玩遊戲或運動」
卡方考驗表……………………………………………………87
表38 「我認為遊戲或運動的地方人太多，
所以不想去那裡玩」卡方考驗表……………………………88
表39 「我認為遊戲或運動的地方距離教室太遠，
所以不想去那裡玩」卡方考驗表……………………………89














圖 次
頁次
圖1 校園活動空間配置圖………………….…………………………37

引用文獻
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