臺灣博碩士論文加值系統

若能偵測運動過程中之生理訊號，將有許多重要應用，故運動過程中生理訊號向來是許多研究者致力研究的議題，而往往難以排除因運動造成的雜訊干擾。長期運動會調節心臟自主神經系統以及其他生理訊號，更可以降低血壓以及減緩老化。若干擾自主神經系統活性後，會進而影響大腦功能，本論文成功建立記錄大鼠運動過程中之腦波及心電訊號之模式，可藉此了解運動過程中大腦皮質與心臟間之互動。目的：利用大鼠生理訊息同時紀錄及分析系統，探討運動過程中大腦與心臟自主神經之間的互動，並嘗試觀察高血壓以及老化是否有其特異表現。方法：以8及60週齡Wistar-Kyoto (WKY) 及8週齡 spontanouesly hypertensive rat (SHR) 為實驗對象，植入頭電極7天後，對大鼠進行跑步機運動，並同時紀錄其腦波和心電訊號。統計方法以雙因子變異數分析來檢定差異性，並以 Fisher’s 法進行事後比較，統計水準至少達p＜0.05，數據以mean ± SEM 表示。結果：各組相比，大鼠進行運動時腦波平均功率 (F=22.412)、alpha (F=113.260)、 beta (F=34.732)、delta (F=23.049) 及 theta波 (F=22.521)，各頻帶腦波平均功率百分比均達顯著差異 (p<0.05) ;心電訊號部份，心跳RR間距 (F=45.721) 以及心率變異性中HF (F=56.503)、LF (F=139.613) 及LF/HF (F=56.500) 均達顯著差異(p<0.05)，進行事後比較。發現年老使運動過程中的腦波變化較不明顯但心臟自主神經功能明顯降低;高血壓大鼠於運動過程中theta波顯著低於正常血壓大鼠。結論：大鼠於運動過程中，處於較專注且警覺的狀態，且睡意下降，其心臟自主神經功能亦在運動過程中下降。於開始運動進行時，大腦皮質活性增加快於心臟反應，而年老大鼠於運動狀態下其自主神經功能明顯衰退，高血壓大鼠於運動過程中theta波有其特異表現，進一步求證後可作為評估罹患高血壓之指標。

There will be numerous important applications to record physiological signals during strenuous exercise. Many researchers aim for that but it’s still difficult to exclude exercise-induced interference. Long-term exercise will regulate cardiac autonomic system and other physiological signals, reduce blood pressure and retard aging. Further, it will affect cerebral function after interrupting autonomic system activity. This discourse successfully established animal model of recording electroencephalogram and electrocardiogram during exercise. The developed technique will offer a way to study the interaction of cerebral cortex and heart during exercise in rats. Purpose: With continuous recording and analyzing the system of rats, we could explore the interaction of brain and cardiac autonomic system during exercise; also, we could attempt to observe distinction of hypertension and aging. Methods: All experiments were carried out on 8 and 60 weeks Wistar-Kyoto and spontaneously hypertension rats. After seven days from the electrodes and electrocardiogram were implanted, continuous electroencephalogram (EEG) and electrocardiogram (ECG) were recorded during treadmill exercise in rats. Effects of the exercise on the physiological parameters were assessed using two-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) and t-test with repeated measures. When indicated by a significant F statistic, regional differences were isolated using post hoc comparisons by the Fisher’s least-significant difference test. Statistical significance was assumed for p < 0.05. Values are expressed as means  SEM. Results: Compared with each groups, treadmill exercise resulted significant difference in mean power frequency (F=22.412), alpha (F=113.260), beta (F=34.732), delta (F=23.049) and theta power (F=22.521) of the EEG, and R-R interval (F=45.721), HF (F=56.503), LF (F=139.613) and LF/HF (F=56.500) of EEG. Such changes quickly reversed when the treadmill exercise was stopped. Conclusion: Rats were more attention and alertness and lower sleepiness and cardiac autonomic function during exercise. At beginning of exercise, the increase of cortical activity was faster than heart response. Autonomic function of elderly rat declined appreciably during exercise. There was outstanding expression of theta power during exercise in hypertension rats. After further attestation it may be the predictor of affecting hypertension.

目次

致謝-------------------------------------------------------i
中文摘要---------------------------------------------------ii
英文摘要--------------------------------------------------iii
目次------------------------------------------------------iv
表次------------------------------------------------------vi
圖次-----------------------------------------------------vii
第壹章 緒論-------------------=----------------------------1
第一節、研究背景---------------------------------------------1
第二節、研究目的---------------------------------------------4
第三節、研究假設---------------------------------------------5
第四節、研究限制---------------------------------------------6
第五節、名詞解釋---------------------------------------------6
第貮章 相關文獻探討----------------------------------------10
第一節、運動對大腦的影響-------------------------------------10
第二節、運動狀態之腦波研究-----------------------------------11
第三節、運動對心臟功能的影響---------------------------------11
第四節、運動中的心臟自主神經功能------------------------------12
第五節、有氧運動中心臟自主神經系統的適應-----------------------13
第六節、年齡及日夜差別對心率變異性的影響-----------------------13
第七節、身體活動對心率變異性的影響----------------------------13
第八節、運動訓練期間的心率變異性變化--------------------------14
第九節、高血壓對腦循環動態的影響------------------------------15
第十節、高血壓與自主神經功能---------------------------------16
第十一節、運動對血壓的影響-----------------------------------17
第十二節、老化對腦循環動態及心血管自主神經功能的影響------------18
第參章 研究方法與材料 -------------------------------------19
第一節、實驗動物--------------------------------------------19
第二節、動物運動模式----------------------------------------19
第三節、腦波及心電電極植入手術-------------------------------20
第四節、實驗流程--------------------------------------------21
第五節、資料收集--------------------------------------------22
第六節、腦電波分析------------------------------------------23
第七節、心率變異性分析--------------------------------------23
第八節、統計分析--------------------------------------------25
第肆章 結果-----------------------------------------------26
第一節、年齡與高血壓對運動中大鼠各生理訊號之影響----------------26
第二節、成年正常血壓大鼠於運動前，運動中以及運動後腦波與心率變異性之變化------------------------------------------------------27
第三節、老年與成年正常血壓大鼠於運動前，運動中以及運動後腦波與心率變異性變化之差別---------------------------------------------33
第四節、成年高血壓大鼠與正常血壓大鼠於運動前，運動中以及運動後腦波與心率變異性變化之差別----------------------------------------40
第伍章 討論與結論------------------------------------------47
第一節、成年正常血壓大鼠於運動前，運動中以及運動後腦波與心臟自主神經功能之變化-------------------------------------------------47
第二節、老年與成年正常血壓大鼠於運動前，運動中以及運動後腦波與心臟自主神經功能變化之差別----------------------------------------49
第三節、成年高血壓大鼠與正常血壓大鼠於運動前，運動中以及運動後腦波與心臟自主神經功能變化之差別-----------------------------------50
第四節、結論-----------------------------------------------51
引用文獻---------------------------------------------------53
個人小傳---------------------------------------------------61

表次

表一、各組間及運動狀態下各生理數值之交互作用-------------------26
表二、各生理數值進行獨立樣本雙因子變異數分析之主要效果----------27

圖次

圖一、動物腦波電極植入位置-----------------------------------21
圖二、實驗流程圖--------------------------------------------21
圖三、連接管線固定於大鼠頭電極插座----------------------------22
圖四、成年正常血壓大鼠於運動前，運動中及運動後腦波與心率變異性之變化代表性原始資料---------------------------------------------28
圖五、成年正常血壓大鼠於運動前，運動中及運動後腦電波平均功率及各頻域功率之變化-------------------------------------------------30
圖六、成年正常血壓大鼠於運動前，運動中及運動後腦電波各頻域所佔百分比之變化----------------------------------------------------31
圖七、成年正常血壓大鼠運動前，運動中以及運動後心率變異性各參數之變化--------------------------------------------------------32
圖八、老年與成年正常血壓大鼠於運動前，運動中及運動後腦波與心率變異性之變化代表性原始資料----------------------------------------34
圖九、老年與成年正常血壓大鼠於運動前，運動中及運動後腦電波平均功率及各頻域功率之變化--------------------------------------------36
圖十、老年與成年正常血壓大鼠於運動前，運動中及運動後腦電波各頻域所佔百分比之變化-----------------------------------------------37
圖十一、老年與成年正常血壓大鼠於運動前，運動中及運動後心率變異性各參數之變化---------------------------------------------------39
圖十二、成年高血壓大鼠與正常血壓大鼠於運動前，運動中及運動後腦波與心率變異性之變化代表性原始資料---------------------------------41
圖十三、成年大鼠高血壓與正常血壓大鼠於運動前，運動中及運動後腦電波平均功率及各頻域功率之變化-------------------------------------43
圖十四、成年高血壓大鼠與正常血壓大鼠於運動前，運動中及運動後之腦電波各頻域所佔百分比之變化--------------------------------------44
圖十五、成年高血壓與正常血壓大鼠大鼠運動前，運動中及運動後心率變異性各參數之變化-----------------------------------------------46

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