臺灣博碩士論文加值系統

摘要

近年來，許多研究指出米麩皮或薏仁麩皮都具調節血糖、血脂的功效，因此，本研究目的在於比較薏仁麩皮與米麩皮對正常及糖尿病大白鼠醣代謝及脂質代謝的影響。以雄性SD大白鼠為實驗動物，利用皮下注射Nicotinamide（230 mg/kg）以及STZ（65 mg/kg）的方式誘發大白鼠糖代謝異常。將大白鼠共分為四組，分別為（A）糖尿病大白鼠薏仁麩皮組（B）糖尿病大白鼠米麩皮組（C）正常大白鼠薏仁麩皮組 (D) 正常大白鼠米麩皮組（E）正常大白鼠chow diet組。飼養期間採自由飲水、攝食，實驗共進行五週。實驗結果發現，不管是糖尿病大白鼠或正常大白鼠，薏仁麩皮並不會影響體重、肝重及脂肪組織重量（p >0.05）。然而值得注意的是，在糖尿病大白鼠方面：米麩皮會明顯降低大白鼠血漿總膽固醇、VLDL+LDL膽固醇及uric acid的濃度並減少大腸長度，且顯著降低血漿、肝及腎TBARS的濃度（p < 0.05）。在正常大白鼠方面：大白鼠攝食米麩皮後血漿Leptin及肝臟Hexokinase的濃度會明顯增加（p <0.05），但是在血漿總膽固醇、VLDL+LDL膽固醇、uric acid的濃度及大腸長度上卻沒有明顯差異（p >0.05），每克糞便(mg/g feces)三酸甘油酯含量降低（p < 0.05），肝臟TBARS有下降的結果（p < 0.05）。綜合以上結果，推測米麩皮可能比薏仁麩皮有調節血脂的效果。

Abstract

The study was designed to investigate the effects of adlay bran on carbohydrate and lipid metabolism in streptozotocin-induced type 2 diabetic rats. Male Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats were used as experiment animals. The type 2 diabetic rats were performed by subcutaneous injection of nicotinamide (230mg/Kg B.W.) and streptozotocin (STZ,65mg/Kg B.W.). Feeding studies were as follows: (A) diabetic adlay bran group (B) diabetic rice bran group (C) normal adlay bran group (D) normal rice bran group (E) normal chow diet group. Fresh diets and drinking water were available ad libitum. This experiment was done for 5 weeks. Whether diabetic rats or normal rats, adlay bran didn’t affect the body weight, liver weight and adipose tissue weight. In diabetic rat groups, rice bran had a significant decrease in plasma total cholesterol, VLDL+LDL cholesterol, uric acid concentration and the length of large intestine. The TBARS value of plasma, liver and kidney were also significantly decreased in rats after rice bran treatment. In normal rat groups, rats fed rice bran had a significant increase in plasma leptin concentration and hepatic hexokinase activity, but there were no significant difference in plasma total cholesterol, VLDL+LDL cholesterol, uric acid concentration and the length of large intestine. Also, normal rats fed rice bran significantly decreased fecal triglyceride concentration and liver TBARS value. Results from the present study suggest that rice bran may play better role in regulation of plasma lipids than adlay bran.

目錄
一、前言 1
二、文獻整理 3
(一)薏仁簡介 3
（二）成份分析 3
（三）薏仁之生理機能性 4
1、調節血脂 4
2、調節血糖 5
3、其他生理作用 5
(四)米麩(rice bran) 6
米麩成份: 6
1.油脂: 6
2.蛋白質: 7
3.膳食纖維: 7
(五)膳食纖維 9
(六) 糖尿病 10
1、糖尿病簡介 10
2、糖尿病對醣類代謝的影響 13
3、糖尿病對脂質代謝的影響 14
4. 內生性之抗氧化物質 15
(七)糖尿病與膳食纖維 17
三、實驗材料 19
(一)、儀器設備 19
(二)、材料 19
四、實驗方法 21
(一) 動物實驗 21
1. 動物分組及誘導 21
2. 動物飼養及樣品收集 21
3. 血漿分析 22
3-1. 葡萄糖 (Glucose) 濃度測定 22
3-2. 總膽固醇 (Total Cholesterol) 濃度測定 23
3-3. 三酸甘油酯 (Triglyceride) 濃度測定 23
3-4. 胰島素 (Insulin) 濃度測定 23
3-5. 瘦體素 (leptin) 濃度測定 23
3-6. TBARS (Thiobarbituric acid reactive substances) 濃度測定 24
3-7. Lipoprotein測定 24
3-8. Aspartate transferase, AST (glutamic oxaloacetic transaminase, GOT) 濃度測定 25
3-9. Alanine transferase, ALT（glutamic pyruvic ransaminase ,GPT）濃度測定 25
3-10.肌肝酸 (Creatinine) 濃度測定 26
3-11.尿酸 (Uric Acid) 濃度測定 26
3-12.游離脂肪酸(Free fatty acid ; FFA)之測定 26
4. 肝臟分析 27
4-1. 肝臟脂質測定 27
4-2. 葡萄糖六磷酸酶 (glucose-6-phosphatase, G-6-Pase)活性測定 27
4-3.六碳糖激酶 (Hexokinase) 活性之測定 28
4-4 .TBARS (thiobarbituric acid reactive substance) 含量測定 29
5. 腎臟分析 30
5-1 TBARS (thiobarbituric acid reactive substance) 含量測定 30
6. 小腸分析 31
6-1 雙醣酶活性之測定 31
7.糞便之分析 32
7-1 糞便濕重、乾重 32
7-2 糞便脂質測定 32
8. 統計分析 32
五、實驗流程 33
結果 34
討論 39
結論 47
六、參考文獻 66
附表 75



















表目錄
表一、實驗飼料組成（％） 48
表二、餵食實驗飼料五週後正常及糖尿病大鼠的臟器重量變化 49
表三、餵食實驗飼料五週後正常及糖尿病大鼠攝食、飲水、排尿及排便量的變化 50
表四、餵食實驗飼料五週後正常及糖尿病大鼠血漿葡萄糖、三酸甘油脂、總膽固醇、游離脂肪酸濃度的變化 51
表五、餵食實驗飼料五週後正常及糖尿病大鼠血漿HDL-cholesterol及LDL+VLDL-cholesterol的變化 52
表六、餵食實驗飼料五週後正常及糖尿病大白鼠血漿胰島素、果糖胺及瘦體素的變化 53
表七、餵食實驗飼料五週後正常與糖尿病大白鼠血漿肝、腎功能指標濃度的變化 54
表八、餵食實驗飼料五週後正常與糖尿病大白鼠肝臟脂質之影響 55
表九、餵食實驗飼料五週後正常與糖尿病大白鼠糞便脂質之影響 56
表十、餵食實驗飼料五週後正常與糖尿病大白鼠肝臟Hexokinase、G-6-Pase之影響 57
表十一、餵食實驗飼料五週後正常與糖尿病大白鼠肝臟GSH，GSSG和GSH peroxidase之影響 58
表十二、餵食實驗飼料五週後正常與糖尿病大白鼠血漿及臟器TBARS值之影響 59







圖目錄
圖一、餵食實驗飼料五週後正常與糖尿病大白鼠體重變化之影響 60
圖二、大白鼠誘導為糖尿病一週後實行OGTT，大白鼠血漿葡萄糖濃度的變化 61
圖三、大白鼠誘導為糖尿病一週後實行OGTT，大白鼠血漿胰島素濃度的變化 62
圖四、餵食實驗飼料五週後實行OGTT，大白鼠血漿葡萄糖濃度的變化 63
圖五、餵食實驗飼料五週後實行OGTT，大白鼠血漿胰島素濃度的變化 64
圖六、餵食實驗飼料五週後正常與糖尿病大白鼠小腸前後段雙糖酶活性的影響 65

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