臺灣博碩士論文加值系統

以GC及GC-MS分析水蒸氣蒸餾萃取文旦皮精油，共鑑定出25個化合物，主要成分為limonene (842.56 mg/g)，其次為β- myrcene (20.88 mg/g)。以冷壓法製備所得之文旦皮精油其limonene (654.06 mg/g) 之含量比水蒸氣蒸餾法所得文旦皮精油少190 mg/g。 文旦皮精油對皮屑芽胞菌Malassezia furfur之抗菌實驗中，隨著文旦精油濃度的提高 (0 - 1.6％)，會提升其抗菌效果，於濃度1.6% (v/v)時有較佳的效果，可使M. furfur之生菌數小於1.0 Log CFU/mL。而均質機轉數亦會影響其抗菌效果，以20,500 rpm有較佳之抗菌效果，比未經均質組下降約 0.8 Log CFU/mL。不同萃取法所得之文旦皮精油亦會影響其抗菌活性，以水蒸氣蒸餾法較佳。水溶性幾丁聚醣其乙醯化程度 (degree of acetylation) 為59.5%，利用此幾丁聚醣對M. furfur做抗菌試驗，亦隨著幾丁聚醣濃度之提高而提升抗菌效果。在1,000 ppm濃度則可以使生菌數小於1.0 Log CFU/mL。而500 ppm濃度下則比之控制組減少約 2 Log CFU/mL。以線性迴歸公式計算文旦皮精油及水溶性幾丁聚醣之90％最小抑制濃度其值為1.05％ (v/v)文旦皮精油及水溶性幾丁聚醣500 ppm。
將0.8%之文旦皮精油與500 ppm水溶性幾丁聚醣同時添加做抗菌試驗則可以生菌數小於1 Log CFU/mL，效果較單獨使用0.8％文旦皮精油(4.92 Log CFU/mL)或500 ppm幾丁聚醣(3.23 Log CFU/mL)佳。而在時間死滅曲線測定方面，同時添加0.8％及500 ppm幾丁聚醣於與菌體作用6小時後可以使生菌數較控制組下降2.0 Log CFU/mL，在作用 12小時後可以抑制M. furfur之生長，其生菌數小於1.0 Log CFU/mL。顯示此兩種物質對M. furfur抗菌效果具有加乘性。

目 錄
中文摘要.......................................................................................... I
英文摘要.......................................................................................... III
目錄.................................................................................................. V
表目錄.............................................................................................. XI
圖目錄.............................................................................................. XII
第一章 前言.................................................................................... 1
第二章 文獻整理............................................................................ 3
(一) 精油之簡介........................................................................... 3
(二) 精油之萃取方式................................................................... 4
1. 水蒸餾法............................................................................... 4
2. 水蒸氣蒸餾法....................................................................... 4
3. 有機溶劑萃取法................................................................... 5
4. 冷壓法................................................................................... 5
5. 超臨界流體萃取法............................................................... 5
(三) 精油之組成份....................................................................... 6
1. 文旦皮精油之組成............................................................... 7
(四) 精油之抗菌活性及機制....................................................... 7
(五) 精油之應用........................................................................... 10
1. 食品方面............................................................................... 10
2. 醫藥方面............................................................................... 12
3. 化妝品工業........................................................................... 13
(六) 頭皮屑簡介........................................................................... 13
1. 頭皮屑成因........................................................................... 13
2. M. furfur造成過敏反應之機制............................................ 14
3. 相關抗菌劑及其作用機制................................................... 15
(七) 精油抗頭皮屑之效果........................................................... 15
(八) 水溶性幾丁聚醣之製備....................................................... 17
1. 酸水解法............................................................................... 17
2. 鹼水解法............................................................................... 18
3. 酵素水解法........................................................................... 19
4. 物理方法............................................................................... 20
5. 化學修飾法........................................................................... 20
(九) 幾丁聚醣之應用................................................................... 21
1. 食品方面............................................................................... 21
2. 生物醫學方面....................................................................... 22
3. 化妝品方面........................................................................... 22
(十) 幾丁聚醣之抗菌機制........................................................... 23
(十一) 幾丁聚醣與精油之加乘性............................................... 24
第三章 材料方法............................................................................ 25
(一) 實驗材料............................................................................... 25
1. 樣品....................................................................................... 25
2. 標準品................................................................................... 25
3. 藥品....................................................................................... 26
4. 培養基................................................................................... 26
5. 菌株....................................................................................... 27
6. 層析管柱. ............................................................................. 27
7. 透析膜. ................................................................................. 27
8. 儀器....................................................................................... 28
(二) 實驗方法............................................................................... 30
1. 文旦皮精油之萃取............................................................... 30
(1) 樣品前處理..................................................................... 30
(2) 水蒸氣蒸餾萃取文旦皮精油......................................... 30
(3) 冷壓萃取文旦皮精油..................................................... 30
2. 文旦皮精油成分分析........................................................... 29
(1) 精油樣品之定性分析..................................................... 31
(2) 精油標準品之配製......................................................... 31
(3) 精油樣品之定量分析..................................................... 32
3. 水溶性幾丁聚醣之製備....................................................... 33
4. 幾丁聚醣乙醯化程度之測定............................................... 33
(1) 乙酸標準品之配製......................................................... 33
(2) 樣品分析......................................................................... 34
(3) 蛋白質含量之測定......................................................... 35
(4) 灰分含量之測定............................................................. 36
(5) 水分含量之測定............................................................. 36
5. 文旦皮精油乳化物之製備................................................... 36
6. 抗菌試驗............................................................................... 37
(1) 菌株之活化..................................................................... 37
(2) 肉湯稀釋法測其生菌數................................................. 38
(3) 幾丁聚醣之抗菌活性..................................................... 38
(4) 幾丁聚醣添加於文旦皮精油中之抗菌試驗................. 39
(5) 時間死滅曲線測定......................................................... 39
7. 最小抑制濃度 (minimum inhibitory concentration ；MIC測定......................................................................................

39
8. 統計分析............................................................................... 40
第四章 結果與討論........................................................................ 41
(一) 文旦皮之精油組成分........................................................... 41
1. 水蒸氣蒸餾萃取文旦皮精油之成分分析........................... 41
2. 冷壓萃取文旦皮精油之成分分析....................................... 42
(二) 文旦皮精油乳化物對M. furfur之抗菌活性....................... 43
1. 濃度之影響........................................................................... 43
2. 均質轉速之影響................................................................... 43
3. 時間死滅曲線(Time-death curve)測定................................ 44
4. 不同製備法所得之文旦皮精油對M. furfur之抗菌活性... 44
(三) 水溶性幾丁聚醣對M. furfur之抗菌活性........................... 45
1. 幾丁聚醣濃度之影響........................................................... 45
2. 幾丁聚醣添加於文旦皮精油對M. furfur之抗菌活性....... 46
(四) MIC90之測定.......................................................................... 47
第五章 結論.................................................................................... 48
第六章 參考文獻............................................................................ 49
表...................................................................................................... 69
圖...................................................................................................... 78

















表 目 錄

表一、以GC-MS分析水蒸氣蒸餾文旦皮精油之成分組成........ 69
表二、文旦皮精油主要成分含量.................................................. 70
表三、以GC-MS分析冷壓文旦皮精油之成分組成.................... 71
表四、不同濃度之文旦精油對Malassezia furfur生菌數 (Log CFU/mL)之影響.........................................................

72
表五、不同濃度之zinc pyrithione對 M. furfur生菌數之影響..... 73
表六、不同均質轉速之文旦皮精油 (0.8%) 對M. furfur生菌數影響......................................................................................


74

表七、不同萃取方式之文旦皮精油 (0.8%)對M. furfur生菌數 (Log CFU/mL) 之影響.......................................................

75
表八、水溶性幾丁聚醣 (乙醯化程度為59.5%；濃度500 ppm) 、文旦皮精油乳化物 (0.8％) 及添加幾丁聚醣於0.8%文旦皮精油乳化物中對Malassezia furfur 之影響...



76
表九、文旦皮精油、水溶性幾丁聚醣及zinc pyrithione之90％最小抑制濃度......................................................................

77
圖 目 錄

圖一、水蒸氣蒸餾萃取文旦皮精油之層析圖譜........................... 78
圖二、冷壓萃取文旦皮精油之層析圖譜....................................... 79
圖三、Osthol之質譜圖與結構式................................................... 80
圖四、Aurapten之質譜圖與結構式............................................... 81
圖五、Meranzin之質譜圖與結構式............................................... 82
圖六、文旦皮精油 (0.8%) 對M. furfur之時間死滅曲線............ 83
圖七、水溶性幾丁聚醣之層析圖譜............................................... 84
圖八、水溶性幾丁聚醣 (乙醯化程度59.5%) 濃度對M. furfur 生菌數(Log CFU/mL)之影響..............................................

85
圖九、0.8％文旦皮精油添加500 ppm幾丁聚醣之時間死滅曲線...........................................................................................

86

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