本論文在台灣北部海域採集濕沉降雨水樣本，採樣期間自2003年8月至2005年12月共採集144 筆樣本，並將降雨型態分類成五種降雨類型。分析並探討降雨期間各項氣象條件對雨水化學特性的影響，
再透過主成分分析探討濕沉降中化學組成之主要因子。
研究結果顯示，台灣北部降雨類型以東北季風型降雨出現之頻率最高，秋冬鋒面型降雨出現頻率最少。雨水樣本採集期間pH值平均為4.6，酸雨發生機率高達77.1 % ，降雨型態中以春夏季鋒面型降雨雨水之酸雨發生機率最高達90.6 %。不同降雨類型濕沉降之無機氮物種以硝酸鹽和銨鹽的濃度貢獻最大，其平均濃度分別為45.2μM與39.4μM，逆軌跡回推顯示季節性風向為影響氮物種中硝酸亞硝酸
來源之主要因素。
陰離子物種分佈中氯鹽的濃度較硫酸鹽高。以降雨類型而言，東北季風型和颱風型降雨時雨水之氯鹽濃度較高。非海源硫酸鹽濃度則佔總硫酸鹽濃度79 ％ 以上。本研究取樣的日期屬非沙塵暴時期，氮物種濃度與pH值有密切關係，東北季風盛行時期NO3-離子濃度最高，雨水之pH 值較低，雨水化學成分來源屬北方陸源；華南低壓型雨水之
pH值較高，雨水化學成分來源屬西南方海源。
主成分分析結果顯示，不同降雨氣類型之雨水中，最主要的因子是氣象因子和影響pH值的致酸因子，雨水樣本pH值受NH4+、NO3-、有機氮、無機氮影響很大。

關鍵字:濕沉降、降雨型態、主成分分析

The purpose of this study is to find out the relationships between chemical composition and rainfall type in wet deposition of Northern Taiwan by principal component analysis. In this study, 144 rain samples were collected and analyzed during the period of from August 2003 to December 2005. The results indicate that the highest frequency of rainfall type occurred in the northeast monsoon system (NE) and the lowest in the southern China low pressure system (LS). The mean value of pH is 4.6 and the occurrence probability of acid rain is 77.1％. The results show that the highest acid rain occurred in the Frontal System (FS) during the spring period with a value of 90.6％. For nitrogen species, ammonium and nitrate are two major contributors with mean concentrations of 45.2μM and 39.4μM, respectively. Based on air mass back trajectories, the distributions of inorganic nitrogen species were mainly controlled by the seasonal monsoon system. The distributions of anion ion show that chloride was normally higher than sulfate and high value occurred under the northeasterly monsoon system (NE). Due to no any dust storm event occurred in the sampling period, the results indicate that pH of wet deposition has influenced by nitrogen species. In the period of northeasterly monsoon system, continental source materials were transported by the northeast wind and resulted in the higher concentration of nitrate and lower pH. From the results of component analysis, weather type and acid-causing factor are two of important factors to effect the compositions of wet deposition. Besides, pH is mainly dominated by the total inorganic nitrogen, chloride and sulfate in wet deposition samples in the study area.

Key Word：Wet Deposition、Rainfall Type、Principal Component Analysis

目 錄
致謝 …………………………………………………………………Ⅰ
摘要 …………………………………………………………………Ⅱ
Abstract ……………………………………………………………Ⅲ
目錄 …………………………………………………………………IV
表目錄 ……………………………………………………………VI
圖目錄………………………………………………………………VII
附錄 …………………………………………………………………IX
第一章 前言 …………………………………………………………1
1-1 研究動機 ………………………………………………………2
1-2 研究目的…………………………………………………………3
第二章 文獻回顧…………………………………………………… 4
2-1濕沉降特性 ………………………………………………………4
2-1.1 濕沉降機制……………………………………………………4
2-1.2 濕沉降中主要化學物質之形成………………………………5
2.2 酸雨之介紹………………………………………………………6
2-2.1酸雨的定義 ……………………………………………………6
2-2.2濕沉降酸化之主要成分的來源 ………………………………7
2.3 氣象條件對濕沈降的影響………………………………………7
2-3.1 降雨型態………………………………………………………7
2-3.2 氣象因子對濕沉降的影響……………………………………9
第三章 研究方法 ……………………………………………………9
3-1 研究之區域 …………………………………………………11
3-2化學成分資料來源………………………………………………12
3-3氣象資料之收集…………………………………………………13
3-4資料分析方法……………………………………………………15
3-4.1基本統計量分析………………………………………………15
3-4.2主成分分析……………………………………………………15
3-4.3 HYSPRIT逆軌跡推估成果……………………………………18
第四章 結果與討論…………………………………………………19
4.1 氣象資料統計 …………………………………………………19
4.2 濕沉降物種分佈與降雨型態之關係 …………………………27
4-2.1氮物種分佈……………………………………………………27
4-2.2 陰離子物種分佈 ……………………………………………31
4-3 不同天氣類型之溼沈降pH值分布情形………………………34
4-4 HYSPLRIT 逆軌跡分析…………………………………………37
4-5 氣象因子與化學成分之主成分分析 …………………………42
第五章 結論 ………………………………………………………50
參考文獻 ……………………………………………………………52

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