背景與目的：低氧再充氧已知能造成許多組織包括紅血球一些組成的氧化傷害。然而，由運動及/或低氧再充氧產生的活性氧在作用機轉上仍不十分清楚。本研究探討在低氧再充氧條件下有無衰竭運動刺激之離體紅血球與血漿的交互作用影響。方法：徵募8位健康男性為受試者(年齡：28.9 ± 2.9 yr，身高：170.1 ± 5.9 cm，體重：68.9 ± 7.4 kg)。收集其衰竭跑步機運動前後紅血球依以下條件組合：有無白血球、以PBS取代血漿、運動前後血漿互換等。重組之檢體加入diphenylene iodonium(DPI) (5μM)或allopurinol(5μM)於常壓常氧、常壓低氧或低壓低氧環境室溫培養一小時。分析項目有上清液之葡萄糖、乳酸、葡萄糖代謝率、一氧化氮；紅血球抗氧化酶活性包括superoxide dimutase (SOD)、glutathione peroxidase (GPx)、catalase (CAT)、紅血球脆性(fragility)；上清液與紅血球之thiobarbituric acid reactive substances ( TBARS)等。統計採相依樣本雙因子變異數分析法，顯著水準為p ≦ .05。結果：紅血球脆性、上清液一氧化氮似乎不易受運動、血樣重組方式、allopurinol、DPI與低氧再充氧等處理而受影響；低氧再充氧可刺激白血球增加上清液乳酸及紅血球GPx活性；紅血球CAT活性則僅在運動後增加。紅血球葡萄糖代謝率可受運動激活白血球與血漿而抑制。衰竭運動後血漿具有抗脂質氧化成分，能顯著減少紅血球脂質受到氧化傷害。結論：運動可減少紅血球葡萄糖代謝率；紅血球受運動、體外培養、低氧再充氧而增加其內外氧化壓力，運動後血漿有減少脂質氧化傷害的作用。本研究所使用的兩種抗氧化劑均無法減低紅血球內氧化壓力。

Background and Objective： Hypoxia/reoxygenation has been known to cause oxidative damage in many tissues including several intracellular components of erythrocytes. However, the mechanism of reactive oxygen species (ROS) induced by exercise and/or hypoxia/reoxygenation remains unclear. The study was to investigate the interaction between erythrocytes and plasma in vitro w/o exhaustive exercise stimulus in condition of hypoxia/reoxygenation. Methods： Eight healthy men were included as subjects (28.9 ± 2.9 yr, 170.1±5.9 cm, 68.9±7.4 kg). Erythrocytes were separated form blood samples collected before and after exhaustive treadmill exercise. The reaction samples were then reconstituted considering: w/o leukocytes or plasma replaced by PBS or plasma before exercise replaced by that after exercise (and vise versa). Test samples were incubated w/o diphenylene iodonium(DPI) (5μM) or allopurinol (5μM) at room temperature in condition of normbaric normoxia, normbaric hypoxia and hypobaric hypoxia. Biochemical parameters were analyzed including: glucose, lactate, glucolytic rate, nitric oxide in supernatants; superoxide dimutase (SOD) activity, glutathione peroxidase (CPx) activity, catalase (CAT) activity, fragility in erythrocytes; thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS) in both supernatants and erythrocytes. Repeated measures of two-way ANOVA was used to analyze data and statistically significant level was set at p ≦.05 . Results：Exercise, rearrangements and treatments of allopurinol, DPI or hypoxia/reoxygenation appeared no effect on erythrocyte fragility, supernatant NO. Increased Hypoxia/reoxygenation increased supernatant lactate release mediated by leukocytes and erythrocyte GPx activity. Erythrocyte CAT activity was increased only in erythrocytes immediately after exercise. The erythrocyte glucolytic rate was inhibited by activated leukocytes and plasma. Substances of anti-lipid peroxidation existed in postexercised plasma and can protect erythrocyte from oxidative damages. Conclusions：Exercise decreased glucolytic rate in erythrocytes. Oxidative stress inside and outside of erythrocytes was increased by exercise, culture in vitro, and hypoxia/reoxygenation. Postexercised plasma provided erythrocyte of protection from oxidative damages. Antioxidants used in this study cannot decrease oxidative stress inside the erythrocyte.

目次

第壹章　緒論 1
第一節　研究背景 1
第二節　研究目的 2
第三節　研究問題 2
第四節　操作性定義 3

第貳章　文獻探討 4
第一節　高地、運動與氧化壓力關係 4
第二節　氧化傷害指標 6
第三節　體內抗氧化酶系統與其他抗氧化劑 7
第四節　allopurinol與diphenylene iodonium (DPI) 8

第参章　研究方法 10
第一節　研究材料 10
第二節　實驗流程 11
第三節　體外(in vitro)血液樣本處理與分組 13
第四節　受試者 16
第五節　運動程序 17
第六節　血液樣本處理與分析 18
第七節　資料處理 22

第肆章　結果 23
第一節　erythrocyte fragility 23
第二節　supernatant lactate 23
第三節　supernatant glucose 24
第四節　erythrocyte SOD activity 24
第五節　erythrocyte CAT activity 25
第六節　erythrocyte GPx activity 25
第七節　supernatant NO 25
第八節　erythrocyte TBARS 26
第九節　supernatant TBARS 26
第十節　erythrocyte glucolytic rate 27

第伍章　討論 28

第陸章　結論與建議 30

引用文獻 31
附錄 40
附錄一、受試者須知 40
附錄二、受試者同意書 41
附錄三：受試者健康狀況調查表 42

表次
表3-1　血液樣本培養與給藥分組 15
表3-2　血液樣本處理與重組關係表 16
表3-3　受試者基本資料 16
表3-4　Bruce 運動負荷protocol 17

圖次
圖3-1　實驗流程圖 12
圖5-1　血液處理影響關係圖 29
圖7-1-1　血液樣本於常壓常氧(NNo)處理一小時後之erythrocyte fragility 在各種rearrangement and treatment間的比較 43
圖7-1-2　血液樣本於常壓低氧(NHo)處理一小時後之erythrocyte fragility 在各種rearrangement and treatment間的比較 44
圖7-1-3　血液樣本於低壓低氧(HHo)處理一小時後之erythrocyte fragility 在各種rearrangement and treatment間的比較 45
圖7-1-4　血液樣本CON組於常壓常氧(NNo)、低壓低氧(HHo)、低壓低氧(HHo)處理一小時後之erythrocyte fragility 在各種rearrangement and treatment間的比較 46
圖7-1-5　血液樣本ALL組於常壓常氧(NNo)、低壓低氧(HHo)、低壓低氧(HHo)處理一小時後之erythrocyte fragility 在各種rearrangement and treatment間的比較 47
圖7-1-6　血液樣本DPI組於常壓常氧(NNo)、低壓低氧(HHo)、低壓低氧(HHo)處理一小時後之erythrocyte fragility 在各種rearrangement and treatment間的比較 48
圖7-2-1　rearrangement and treatment 於常壓常氧(NNo)一小時之supernatant lactate 濃度比較 49
圖7-2-2　rearrangement and treatment 於常壓低氧(NHo)一小時之supernatant lactate 濃度比較 50
圖7-2-3　rearrangement and treatment 於低壓低氧(HHo)一小時之supernatant lactate 濃度比較 51
圖7-2-4　rearrangement and treatment 無給予抑制劑於常壓常氧(NNo)、低壓低氧(HHo)、低壓低氧(HHo)一小時之supernatant lactate 濃度比較 52
圖7-2-5　rearrangement and treatment 給予抑制劑allopurinol於常壓常氧(NNo)、低壓低氧(HHo)、低壓低氧(HHo)一小時之supernatant lactate 濃度比較 53
圖7-2-6　rearrangement and treatment 給予抑制劑DPI於常壓常氧(NNo)、低壓低氧(HHo)、低壓低氧(HHo)一小時之supernatant lactate 濃度比較 54
圖7-3-1　rearrangement and treatment 於常壓常氧(NNo)一小時之supernatant glucose 濃度比較 55
圖7-3-2　rearrangement and treatment 於常壓低氧(NHo)一小時之supernatant glucose 濃度比較 56
圖7-3-3　rearrangement and treatment 於低壓低氧(HHo)一小時之supernatant glucose 濃度比較 57
圖7-3-4　rearrangement and treatment 無給予抑制劑於常壓常氧(NNo)、低壓低氧(HHo)、低壓低氧(HHo)一小時之supernatant glucose 濃度比較 58
圖7-3-5　rearrangement and treatment 給予抑制劑allopurinol於常壓常氧(NNo)、低壓低氧(HHo)、低壓低氧(HHo)一小時之supernatant glucose 濃度比較 59
圖7-3-6　rearrangement and treatment 給予抑制劑DPI於常壓常氧(NNo)、低壓低氧(HHo)、低壓低氧(HHo)一小時之supernatant glucose 濃度比較 60
圖7-4-1　rearrangement and treatment 於常壓常氧(NNo)一小時之erythrocyte SOD activity 比較 61
圖7-4-2　rearrangement and treatment 於常壓低氧(NHo)一小時之erythrocyte SOD activity 比較 62
圖7-4-3　rearrangement and treatment 於低壓低氧(HHo)一小時之erythrocyte SOD activity 比較 63
圖7-4-4　rearrangement and treatment 無給予抑制劑於常壓常氧(NNo)、低壓低氧(HHo)、低壓低氧(HHo)一小時之erythrocyte SOD activity 比較 64
圖7-4-5　rearrangement and treatment 給予抑制劑allopurinol於常壓常氧(NNo)、低壓低氧(HHo)、低壓低氧(HHo)一小時之erythrocyte SOD activity 比較 65
圖7-4-6　rearrangement and treatment 給予抑制劑DPI於常壓常氧(NNo)、低壓低氧(HHo)、低壓低氧(HHo)一小時之erythrocyte SOD activity 比較 66
圖7-5-1　rearrangement and treatment 於常壓常氧(NNo)一小時之erythrocyte CAT activity 比較 67
圖7-5-2　rearrangement and treatment 於常壓低氧(NHo)一小時之erythrocyte CAT activity 比較 68
圖7-5-3　rearrangement and treatment 於低壓低氧(HHo)一小時之erythrocyte CAT activity 比較 69
圖7-5-4　rearrangement and treatment 無給予抑制劑於常壓常氧(NNo)、低壓低氧(HHo)、低壓低氧(HHo)一小時之erythrocyte CAT activity 比較 70
圖7-5-5　rearrangement and treatment 給予抑制劑allopurinol於常壓常氧(NNo)、低壓低氧(HHo)、低壓低氧(HHo)一小時之erythrocyte CAT activity 比較 71
圖7-5-6　rearrangement and treatment 給予抑制劑DPI於常壓常氧(NNo)、低壓低氧(HHo)、低壓低氧(HHo)一小時之erythrocyte CAT activity 比較 72
圖7-6-1　rearrangement and treatment 於常壓常氧(NNo)一小時之erythrocyte GPx activity 比較 73
圖7-6-2　rearrangement and treatment 於常壓低氧(NHo)一小時之erythrocyte GPx activity 比較 74
圖7-6-3　rearrangement and treatment 於低壓低氧(HHo)一小時之erythrocyte GPx activity 比較 75
圖7-6-4　rearrangement and treatment 無給予抑制劑於常壓常氧(NNo)、低壓低氧(HHo)、低壓低氧(HHo)一小時之erythrocyte GPx activity 比較 76
圖7-6-5　rearrangement and treatment 給予抑制劑allopurinol於常壓常氧(NNo)、低壓低氧(HHo)、低壓低氧(HHo)一小時之erythrocyte GPx activity 比較 77
圖7-6-6　rearrangement and treatment 給予抑制劑DPI於常壓常氧(NNo)、低壓低氧(HHo)、低壓低氧(HHo)一小時之erythrocyte GPx activity 比較 78
圖7-7-1　rearrangement and treatment 於常壓常氧(NNo)一小時之supernatant NO濃度比較 79
圖7-7-2　rearrangement and treatment 於常壓低氧(NHo)一小時之supernatant NO濃度比較 80
圖7-7-3　rearrangement and treatment 於低壓低氧(HHo)一小時之supernatant NO濃度比較 81
圖7-7-4　rearrangement and treatment 無給予抑制劑於常壓常氧(NNo)、低壓低氧(HHo)、低壓低氧(HHo)一小時之supernatant NO濃度比較 82
圖7-7-5　rearrangement and treatment 給予抑制劑allopurinol於常壓常氧(NNo)、低壓低氧(HHo)、低壓低氧(HHo)一小時之supernatant NO濃度比較 83
圖7-7-6　rearrangement and treatment 給予抑制劑DPI於常壓常氧(NNo)、低壓低氧(HHo)、低壓低氧(HHo)一小時之supernatant NO濃度比較 84
圖7-8-1　rearrangement and treatment 於常壓常氧(NNo)一小時之erythrocyte TBARS 濃度比較 85
圖7-8-2　rearrangement and treatment 於常壓低氧(NHo)一小時之erythrocyte TBARS 濃度比較 86
圖7-8-3　rearrangement and treatment 於低壓低氧(HHo)一小時之erythrocyte TBARS 濃度比較 87
圖7-8-4　rearrangement and treatment 無給予抑制劑於常壓常氧(NNo)、低壓低氧(HHo)、低壓低氧(HHo)一小時之erythrocyte TBARS 濃度比較 88
圖7-8-5　rearrangement and treatment 給予抑制劑allopurinol於常壓常氧(NNo)、低壓低氧(HHo)、低壓低氧(HHo)一小時之erythrocyte TBARS 濃度比較 89
圖7-8-6　rearrangement and treatment 給予抑制劑DPI於常壓常氧(NNo)、低壓低氧(HHo)、低壓低氧(HHo)一小時之erythrocyte TBARS 濃度比較 90
圖7-9-1　rearrangement and treatment 於常壓常氧(NNo)一小時之supernatant TBARS 濃度比較 91
圖7-9-2　rearrangement and treatment 於常壓低氧(NHo)一小時之supernatant TBARS 濃度比較 92
圖7-9-3　rearrangement and treatment 於低壓低氧(HHo)一小時之supernatant TBARS 濃度比較 93
圖7-9-4　rearrangement and treatment 無給予抑制劑於常壓常氧(NNo)、低壓低氧(HHo)、低壓低氧(HHo)一小時之supernatant TBARS 濃度比較 94
圖7-9-5　rearrangement and treatment 給予抑制劑allopurinol於常壓常氧(NNo)、低壓低氧(HHo)、低壓低氧(HHo)一小時之supernatant TBARS 濃度比較 95
圖7-9-6　rearrangement and treatment 給予抑制劑DPI於常壓常氧(NNo)、低壓低氧(HHo)、低壓低氧(HHo)一小時之supernatant TBARS 濃度比較 96
圖7-10-1　rearrangement and treatment 於常壓常氧(NNo)一小時之erythrocyte glucolytic rate比較 97
圖7-10-2　rearrangement and treatment 於常壓低氧(NHo)一小時之erythrocyte glucolytic rate比較 98
圖7-10-3　rearrangement and treatment 於低壓低氧(HHo)一小時之erythrocyte glucolytic rate比較 99
圖7-10-4　rearrangement and treatment 無給予抑制劑於常壓常氧(NNo)、低壓低氧(HHo)、低壓低氧(HHo)一小時之erythrocyte glucolytic rate比較 100
圖7-10-5　rearrangement and treatment 給予抑制劑allopurinol於常壓常氧(NNo)、低壓低氧(HHo)、低壓低氧(HHo)一小時之erythrocyte glucolytic rate比較 101
圖7-10-6　rearrangement and treatment 給予抑制劑DPI於常壓常氧(NNo)、低壓低氧(HHo)、低壓低氧(HHo)一小時之erythrocyte glucolytic rate比較102

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