臺灣博碩士論文加值系統

一、研究背景：在早期心理社會發展經驗的差異造成性侵害犯的人格脆弱性，形成犯案路徑中各危險因子，可在靜態-99及穩定動態再犯危險評估量表中顯現出來，並且預測不同再犯危險程度。因此本研究目的1.探討性罪犯心理社會發展資料及靜態-99和穩定動態再犯危險因子。2.不同再犯危險程度與心理社會發展的關係。3.不同類型（成人與兒童性侵害犯）、不同前科性罪犯（單純性與非單純性罪犯）與心理社會發展的關係。4.對性罪犯評估提出建議與貢獻。
二、 研究方法及結果：本研究採問卷調查法，以「靜態-99及穩定動態再犯危險評估量表」為工具，臺灣臺北監獄性犯罪受刑人為研究樣本，採立意取樣的方式，有效樣本共180位。依研究目的及資料特性，經統計分析後，結果如下：
1.成人與兒童犯之靜態-99及穩定動態危險因素皆達到顯著正相關，但單純性與非單純性犯罪組則不然。成人犯靜態-99與年齡、逃家、學校處罰、偏差同儕行為、入監前性行為管道、性行為頻率、受害人數、暴力危險達顯著相關。穩定動態危險與家庭史、學校史、異性交往史、性犯罪史部份因素達顯著相關。兒童犯靜態-99與性好奇年紀層、性犯罪史部份因素達顯著相關。性犯罪史部份因素與穩定動態危險達顯著相關。2.單純性罪犯靜態-99與年齡、父親管教態度、部分學校史、異性交往史、性犯罪史達顯著相關。家庭特殊狀況、學校史、受害人數、異性交往史、工作心情、犯案前壓力數與穩定動態危險達顯著相關。3.非單純性罪犯靜態-99與入監前性行為管道、部分性犯罪史達顯著相關。偏差同儕行為、使用成癮物質數、第一次性行為年紀與穩定動態危險因素達顯著相關。4.年齡、學校處罰、偏差同儕行為、國中老師關係、性好奇年紀層、入監前性行為管道、受害人數、暴力危險、監控配合缺失、不良社會影響皆可提供Static-99解釋量。學歷、逃家、偏差同儕行為、國中老師關係、性好奇年紀層、第一次性行為年紀、妻子相處關係、受害人數、成癮物質數皆可提供穩定動態危險解釋量。5.成人犯與兒童犯在年齡、學歷、父親管教態度、學校處罰、學校特殊事件、高中同學關係、青少年性行為、親密關係人數、第一次性行為年紀、物質使用數、犯案前使用毒品酒精、性犯罪與成癮物質有關、靜態-99、不良社會影響、親密關係缺失、社會依附缺失、偏差性侵害態度達顯著差異。6.單純與非單純性罪犯的學歷、家族史、學校史、異性交往史、婚姻史、工作史、性犯罪史等部份因素、靜態-99總分、穩定動態危險總分、不良社會影響、社會依附缺失、自我規範缺失皆達顯著差異。7.靜態-99危險程度可區分成低危險、中低危險組、中高危險組、高危險組。年齡、逃家、國中老師關係、學校特殊事件、偏差同儕行為、性好奇年紀層、與妻子相處的壓力數、親密關係偏差衝突處理方式、犯案特殊行為、受害者人數、穩定動態危險總分、監控配合的缺失等因素可以將不同危險程度區分開來。8.穩定動態危險可區分低危險、中低危險組、中高危險組、高危險組，在第一次性行為年紀、性好奇年紀層、犯案前3個月壓力總數等因素可以將不同危險程度區分開來。
三、研究建議：成人犯的再犯危險因子在偏差的同儕關係較明顯。兒童犯的再犯危險因子比較是親密關係的因應。這些不同的性心理社會發展因素，都可以在治療上提供不同內容的指引。

ABSTRACT
I、Research background: the discrepancies of early psychosocial development result in personality vulnerabilities in sexual offenders, which became risk factors of committing sexual crime. It can be revealed from the Static-99 scale and stable dynamic state recidivism risk rating scale, and predict different levels of recommital risk. Accordingly, the aims of this research are：1. to investigate the psychosocial developmental background of sex criminals, and find out the risk factors from “Static-99 scale and stable dynamic state recidivism risk rating scale”. 2. to explore the relationship between early psychosocial development and sexual recidivism risk. 3. to explore the relationship between different types of sexual offenders( adults and children ), and different sexual crime record . 4. to offer suggestions and contributions to sexual crime evaluations.
II、Research method and result: The study was taken through the purposive samples from ”Static- 99 and stable dynamic state recidivism risk rating scale”, which contained total 180 samples from Taiwan Taipei prison. The results are：
1. Risk factors between adults and children offenders in “Static- 99 and stable dynamic state recidivism risk rating scale” reach high levels of statistic significance, but simple and combined offenders are not. Risk factors reach statistic significance in adult offenders in “Static-99 scale “are age, run away from home, school punishment, deviate peer behavior, sexual channel before committal to prison, sexual act frequency, numbers of victims, and violent risk. Risk factors reach statistic significance in adult offenders in “stable dynamic state recidivism risk rating scale” are family history, school history, history of relationships with the opposite sex, and part of history of sexual crimes. Risk factors reach statistic significance in child offenders in “the quiescent Static-99“ are age of sexual curiosity, and part of history of sexual crimes. There are significance between stable dynamic state recidivism risk and part of history of sexual crimes.
2. Risk factors of simple type offenders reach statistic significance in “Static-99 “ are age, disciplinary attitude of father, part of school history, history of relationships with the opposite sex, and history of sexual crimes. And risk factors reach statistic significance in stable dynamic state recidivism risk are special family issue, school history, numbers of victims, history of relationships with the opposite sex, work mood, and strain before commits a crime .
3. Risk factors of the combined offenders reach statistic significance in “Static-99“ are sexual channel before committal to prison and part of history of sexual crimes. And the risk factors reach statistic significance in stable dynamic state recidivism risk are deviate peer behavior, number of addicts used, and age of first sexual behavior.
4. Age, school punishment, deviate peer behavior, relationship with teacher in junior school, age of sexual curiosity, sexual channel before committal to prison, numbers of victims, violent risk, monitor deficiencies, and malignant social impact are all contribute to statistic significance in “Static-99 “.
5.Risk factors related in adult and child offenders are age, education, disciplinary attitude of father, school punishment, special school event, relationship with peer in high school, sexual behavior in teenagers, number of intimate relationship, age of first sexual behavior, number of addicts used, alcohol consumption and drug use before committal to prison, sexual crime related to drug use, Static-99, malignant social impact, deficiencies of intimate relationship, deficiencies of attachment, and deviate attitude of sexual offence.
7. Factors reach statistic significance in the simple/non-simple type offenders are education, family history, school history, marriage history, work history, history of relationships with the opposite sex, and part of history of sexual crimes, total score of Static-99, total score of the stable dynamic state recidivism risk rating scale, malignant social impact, deficiencies of social attachment, and self disciplinary deficiency.
7. Static-99 can differentiate into low, moderate-low, moderate-high, and high risk level groups. Differential factors are age, run away from home, relationship with teacher in junior school, special school event, deviate peer behavior, age of sexual curiosity, stressors get along with wife, and how to deal with deficiencies and conflicts of intimate relationship.
8. The stable dynamic state recidivism risk rating scale can differentiate into low, moderate-low, moderate-high, and high risk level groups. Differential factors are age of first sexual behavior, age of sexual curiosity, and sum stressors 3 months before sexual crime.
III、Research suggestions：deviate peer behaviors are more obvious recidivism risk factor in adult offenders; coping with intimate relations are more obvious recidivism risk factor in child offenders. These discrepancies of psychosexual development factors are very helpful to offer different treatment guidance.

Key word: Sex offends, sex criminal, static risk factor, stable dynamic risk factor

目 錄
表 次 III
圖 次 V
第一章 緒論 1
第一節 研究背景 1
第二節 研究目的 3
第三節 名詞解釋 3
第二章 相關文獻分析 5
第一節 我國監獄強制診療流程 5
第二節 性罪犯分類 5
第三節 性犯罪之相關理論 6
第四節 性罪犯再犯評估方法 11
第五節 與性犯罪再犯相關的危險因子 14
第三章 研究方法 18
第一節 研究架構與問題探討 18
第二節 研究流程 18
第三節 研究對象 19
第四節 研究工具 20
第五節 資料整理與分析 21
第四章 統計分析結果 24
第一節 不同類別、不同前科性罪犯之描述統計量 25
第二節 相關分析 31
第三節 線性向後法迴歸分析 46
第四節 差異性分析 55
第五節 不同危險等級的變異數分析 69
第五章 結論與建議 80
第一節 研究結論 80
第二節 未來研究方向 89
參考書目 90
附錄一：臺灣臺北監獄妨害性自主罪收容人評估報告書部分內容 93
附錄二：STATIC-99 100
附錄三：穩定危險因素計算表單 102

參考書目
中文參考書目：
王家駿等譯（民90）。性侵害再犯之防治。台北市：五南。（原著出版年：1989年）
林明傑、沈勝昂（民92）。法律犯罪心理學。台北市：雙葉書廊有限公司。
陳若璋（民90）。性罪犯心理學：心理治療與評估。台北市：張老師文化事業股份有限公司。
沈勝昂（民92）。建構本土化性侵害加害人社區監控模式之研究：以○○縣市為實驗社區方案。內政部研究報告（編號：092-000000AU691-001），未出版。
沈勝昂（民93）。性侵害犯罪加害人再犯危險評估量表之建立：動態危險因素之探測。內政部研究報告（編號：PG-9302-0645），未出版。
沈勝昂、林明傑（民92）。性罪犯之心理評估、危險評估以及社區處遇模式。玄奘社會科學學報，1，179-212。
李光輝（民93）性侵害犯認知改變與團體治療關係。行政院衛生署研究計畫（衛署醫字編號：第0030218399號），未出版。
林明傑（民87）。美國性罪犯心理治療之方案及技術暨國內改進之道。社區發展季刊，82，175-187。
林明傑（民88）。性罪犯之心理評估暨危險評估。社區發展季刊，88，316-340。
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陳若璋、劉志如（民90）。性侵害加害人身心治療模式之研究。內政部性侵害防治委員會研究報告（編號：0289-049R5），未出版。
陳若璋、林正修（民92）。性侵害加害人身心治療模式之再探研究。內政部研究報告（編號：091-00000AU691-002），未出版。
陳若璋、林正修、施志鴻、李晏（民93）。不同類型性加害者本土化治療模式之建構。行政院衛生署研究計畫（編號：DOH93-TD-M-113-028），未出版。
陳玉書、簡惠霠（民92）。再犯預測之研究：以成年受保護管束者為例。刑事政策與犯罪研究論文集，6，27-58。台北市：法務部犯罪研究中心。
黃軍義（民84）。強姦犯罪之訪談研究：相關成因概念模型之建立。臺北市：法務部。
黃健、溫瑞祥、黃永順、鄭安雄（民94）。性犯罪再犯風險預測因子的本質與應用。亞洲家庭暴力與性侵害期刊，1(1)，137-162。臺灣：臺北。
英文參考書目：
Beech, A. R., & Ward, T. (2004). The integration of etiology and risk in sexual offenders: theoretical framework. Aggression and Violent Behavior, 10, 31-63.
Beech, A. R., Fisher, D. D., & Thornton, D. (2003). Risk assessment of sex offenders. Professional Psychology: Research and Practice, 34(4), 339-352.
Doren, D. M. (2002). Evaluating sex offenders: A manual for civil commitments and beyond. London: Sage.
Gendreau, P., Cullen, F.T., & Bonta, J. (1994). Intensive rehabilitation supervision:　The next generation in community corrections. Federal Probation, 58, 72-78.
Hart, S., Laws, D. R., & Kropp. P. R. (2003). The risk-need model of offender rehabilitation. In T. Ward. D. R. Laws, & S. M. Hudson (Eds.), Theoretical issues and controversies in sexual deviance (pp. 338-354). London: Sage.
Hanson, R.K., & Thornoton, D. (1999). Static 99: Improving actuarial risk assessments for sex offenders. Ottawa: Solicitor General of Canada.
Hanson, R.K., & Thornoton, D. (2000). Improving risk assessments for sex offenders: A comparison of three aetuarial scales. Law and Human Behavior, 24, 119-136.
Marques, J.K., Day, D.M., Nelson, C., & West, M.　A. (1994). Effects of cognitive-behavior treatment on sex offender recidivism: preliminary results of a longitudinal study. Criminal Justice and Behavior, 21(1), 28-54.
Marshall, W. L., & Pithers, W. D. (1994). A reconsideration of treatment outcome with sex offenders. Criminal Justice and Behavior, 21(1), 10-27.
Quinsey, V. L., & Seto, M. C. (2002). First report of the collaborative outcome data project on the effectiveness of psychological treatment for sex offenders. Sex Abuse, 14(2), 169-194.
Pithers, W. D., Beal, L., Armstrong, J., & Petty, J. (1989). Identification of risk factors through clinical interview and analysis of records. In D. R. Laws (Ed.), Relapse prevention with sex offenders (pp77-87). New York: Guilford.
網路資料：
統計資料：九十四年警政統計資料，刑案統計指標、強制性交之發生數，破獲數、破獲率。台北市：內政部警政署。民95年，取自：
http://www.npa.gov.tw/NPAGip/wSite/public/Attachment/f1146474786418.xls