臺灣博碩士論文加值系統

海洋浮游植物不只是海洋生態系統的基底，同時它能吸收大氣中的二氧化碳，也會排放二甲基硫至大氣，這兩項過程皆會影響大氣的氣候變化。1980年代，Martin所提出的鐵假說指出「鐵」是限制某些地區海洋浮游植物生長的控制因子，而遠洋中的鐵大多則來自於陸地沙塵的沉降；另一方面，由於大氣中的汙染物(硝酸鹽等)沉降至海洋後也可做為浮游植物的營養鹽，因此在本研究所討論的不只是沙塵對浮游植物的影響，大氣中的汙染物對浮游植物的影響也包含在我們的討論之內。
本研究主要研究範圍為西北太平洋海域。在研究方法方面，主要使用模式TAQM模擬汙染物的沉降、模式TAQM/kosa模擬沙塵的沉降，以SeaWiFS衛星資料中的chlorophyll-a來代表浮游植物的生長情況，同時也使用了許多其它的觀測資料(Qscat的風場、TRMM的海表面溫度、WOA05的海洋營養鹽分佈與海溫氣候場)來輔助我們釐清一些在研究中所遇到的問題。
經由長期資料的比對結果我們發現在西北太平洋區域中，沙塵的沉降量與海洋表層葉綠素濃度在30°N~40°N一帶的相關性高達0.6~0.8，氣膠光學厚度與葉綠素濃的則是在25°N~35°N一帶有較高的相關性(0.5~0.7)。由2001~2005年的藻華個案分析中，我們發現36個受大氣沉降影響的藻華個案。在文中提及的個案中，葉綠素濃度變化最大的是40°N/150°E一帶於2001年4月23日的沙塵事件經過之後葉綠素濃度上升了2~8 mg/m3，為原本的2~8倍；而在個案分析中我們發現，在20°N/155°E一帶在2004年2月17日的藻華事件與模擬之硝酸沉降在時間與空間上的變化較為一致，支持了汙染物可能會影響浮游植物生長的這項假設，此個案中葉綠素濃度上升了0.04~0.2 mg/m3，為原本的2~3倍。

Marine phytoplankton is the basis of the ocean ecosystem. It can absorb carbon dioxide and release DMS, both of which can bring up negative feedbacks to climate forcing. Martin (1988) proposed the Iron Hypothesis, which pointed out that iron is the limiting nutrient of phytoplankton growth in some marine regions. In the open ocean, iron input to the ocean mostly comes from the deposition of atmospheric dust. Besides, anthropogenic pollutants, as potentials sources themselves to the photoplankton, could also enhance the dissolvability of iron in the ocean. So, anthropogenic pollutants are also discussed in this study.
Therefore, the goal of this study is to evaluate the impact of Asian atmospheric input on the primary production over the Northwestern Pacific Ocean (NWPO). We first used a dust deflation and transport model (TAQM/kosa and TAQM) to simulate dust deposition and pollution deposition onto the oceans, and then compared simulation results with the phytoplankton concentration (in chlorophyll-a) observed by the NASA/SeaWiFS (Sea-viewing Wide Field of view Sensor) Satellite for the period of January 2001 to December 2005.
From the analysis of monthly data, we found high correlations (0.6~0.8) between chlorophyll-a and dust deposition around 30°N~40°N of NWPO, and high correlation (0.5~0.7) between chlorophyll-a and AOD around 25°N~35°N of NWPO. Through event studies we found 36 events that atmospheric input stimulated phytoplankton bloom. In these events the most significant event H1 shows that in this dust event phytoplankton concentration increased by 0.2~2 mg/m3 (2~8 times) around 40°N/150°E. Besides, in event L11 phytoplankton concentration increased by 0.04~0.2 mg/m3 (2~3 times) around 20°N/155°E after nitrate deposition. This shows nitrate deposition is also an important factor to influence phytoplankton bloom.

中文摘要 i
英文摘要 ii
目錄 iv
圖目錄 vii
表目錄 x

第一章 前言 1
第二章 研究方法 4
2.1 遙測資料 4
2.1.1 MODIS 4
2.1.2 SeaWiFS 5
2.1.3 QuikSCAT 6
2.1.4 TRMM/TMI 6
2.2 其他觀測資料 6
2.3 數值模式 7
2.3.1 中尺度氣象模式MM5 7
2.3.2 台灣空氣品質模式TAQM 8
2.3.3 沙塵模組 10
第三章 葉綠素濃度控因的資料分析 11
3.1 葉綠素濃度分佈 11
3.2 氣膠光學厚度分佈 12
3.3 沙塵沉降分佈 13
3.4 氣膠光學厚度、沙塵沉降與葉綠素濃度相關性分析 13
3.5 海面10 m風場、海表面溫度與葉綠素濃度相關性分析 16
3.6 討論 18
第四章 藻華個案分析 20
4.1 分析方法 20
4.2 個案分析 21
4.2.1 個案H1 22
4.2.2 個案L2 22
4.2.3 個案L11 23
4.2.4 個案L19 24
4.3 討論 25
第五章 結語 27
參考文獻 29
圖表 33
附錄A 模式驗證 59
附錄B 各網格達PBI、AEI、DEI指標之時間 63

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Oceancolor WEB
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Remote Sensing System
http://www.ssmi.com/
World Ocean Atlas 2005
http://www.nodc.noaa.gov/OC5/WOA05/pr_woa05.html