臺灣博碩士論文加值系統

InTaO4是一種光觸媒用於水分解，過去InTaO4都是利用固態高溫熔融法，必須在1100℃以上高溫鍛燒，無法用於覆膜而且不易均勻。故本研究主要是以In(NO3)3和Ta(OC4H9)5當作初始材料，使用熱水解法和酯化式溶凝膠法製備InTaO4光觸媒材料，藉由在溶液中的攪拌均勻，解決固態高溫熔融法的不均勻和降低鍛燒溫度；且藉由浸漬覆膜於石英玻片和光纖，SEM之觀測，光纖表面的觸媒層具有許多奈米級孔隙，觸媒顆粒略呈圓形，粒徑約為20 nm，觸媒層厚約40~45 nm。鍛燒後的粉末進行水溶液中二氧化碳催化還原反應，測試光催化活性，以GC-FID測得主要產物為甲醇，鎳金屬的添加皆有效地提高甲醇的產率。酯化式溶凝膠法鍛燒後的粉末，經XRD繞射圖譜分析觸媒在1100℃為InTaO4晶相，在850℃~950℃結晶性不完全，由紫外-可見光吸收波長約在500nm處。實驗發現，負載1.0wt%-NiO/InTaO4觸媒，能提升的觸媒活性，甲醇產量分別如下：鍛燒溫度850℃為16.1μmole/g-cat、900℃為23.7μmole/g-cat、950℃為27.2μmole/g-cat、1100℃為28.0μmole/g-cat，以及固態融熔法製備1.0wt%-NiO/InTaO4為20.5μmole/g-cat。

InTaO4 is a photocatalyst used for water splitting. In the past, InTaO4 was prepared using the solid-state fusion method. By this method, catalysts are calcinated above 1100℃ and the component of InTaO4 is not uniformed. In this study, InTaO4 photocatalysts are prepared from In(NO3)3 and Ta(OC4H9)5 precursors using the thermal hydrolysis and sol-gel methods. This method solves the problems of high calcination temperature and non-uniform distribution, via mixing in the liquid phase. The prepared sol can be coated on quartz plates as well as optical fibers. From SEM analysis, the catalyst surface consists of spherical particles with nano-pores. Particle sizes are about 20nm and film thickness is ranges in 40~45nm. The calcinated catalyst powder was used in the liquid-phase photoreduction of CO2 to examine its photocatalytic activity. GC-analysis shows that methanol is the major products. XRD analysis indicates that at 1100℃, InTaO4 crystalline is formed, however at 850℃~950℃ the crystallization is incompleted. From UV-Vis spectroscoy, the photocatalyst starts to absorb light at 500nm. Experiments show that the 1.0wt%-NiO/InTaO4 has a higher photoactivity. The amount of methanol productions by catalysts calcined at various temperatures are as follows: 16.1μmole/g-cat at 850℃, 23.7μmole/g-cat at 900℃, 27.2μmole/g-cat at 950℃ and 28.0μmole/g-cat at 1100℃ respectively. The catalyst prepared by the solid state reaction method produces 20.5μmole/g-cat of methanol.

摘 要 I
Abstract II
目錄 III
圖目錄 VI
表目錄 IX
第一章 緒論 1
第二章 文獻回顧 2
2-1 銦、鉭、鈮水分解光觸媒簡介 2
2-1-1水分解 2
2-1-2光觸媒反應之基本理論 3
2-1-3光觸媒反應過程 5
2-1-4可見光之光觸媒 7
2-2 銦、鉭光觸媒覆膜液的製備方法 17
2-2-1溶凝膠法(Sol-Gel method) 17
2-2-2 熱水解法(Thermal Hydrolysis method) 22
2-3 薄膜塗佈技術 22
2-3-1 浸漬覆膜法(Dip-coating method) 23
2-3-2 旋轉覆膜法(Spin-coating method) 26
2-3-3 噴霧覆膜法(Spray-coating method) 28
2-3-4 電泳沉積法(Electrophoretic deposition method) 28
2-4 二氧化碳的簡介 29
2-5 二氧化碳的固定 30
2-6 二氧化碳的光催化還原 33
第三章 實驗方法 37
3-1 實驗藥品與儀器設備 37
3-1-1 藥品 37
3-1-2 器材 38
3-2 觸媒之製備及鍍膜 39
3-2-1熱水解法 (Thermal Hydrolysis Method) 39
3-2-2 酯化式溶凝膠法 (Esterification Sol-Gel Method) 40
3-2-3 固態熔融反應法 ( Solid State Reaction Method ) 40
3-2-4 NiO/InTaO4初濕含浸法 (Incipient Wetness Method) 41
3-2-5 基材清洗 41
3-2-6 浸漬覆膜法 42
3-3 觸媒特性分析原理與方法 47
3-3-1 儀器型號與規格 47
3-3-2 紫外光-可見光光譜儀 48
3-3-3場發射掃描式電子顯微鏡 50
3-3-3能量散佈分析儀 51
3-3-4 X光繞射儀 52
3-3-5 粒子表面電位量測 56
3-3-6 X光吸收光譜 59
3-3-7同步輻射光簡介 60
3-3-8 熱重分析儀 62
3-3-9 掃描熱分析儀 62
3-4 光催化活性檢測 64
3-4-1二氧化碳之光催化還原 64
3-4-2 訊華軟體—SISC色層分析數據處理系統 69
第四章 實驗結果 71
4-1 InTaO4覆膜液 71
4-1-1 熱水解式InTaO4覆膜液 71
4-1-2 酯化溶凝膠式InTaO4覆膜液 72
4-2觸媒檢測及特性分析 74
4-2-1 Zeta potential 74
4-2-2 熱重分析 (TGA) 76
4-2-3 掃描熱分析 (DSC) 77
4-2-4 XRD 79
4-2-5 UV-VIS 82
4-2-6 SEM 85
4-2-7 EDS 87
4-2-8 XAS 88
4-2-8-1 銦的X光吸收邊緣近結構 (XANES) 88
4-2-8-2 銦的延伸X光吸收精細結構 (FT-EXAFS) 89
4-3 觸媒光催化活性檢測 91
4-3-1 CO2光催化還原反應 91
第五章 結果討論 97
5-1 熱水解及酯化溶凝膠效應 97
5-2 InTaO4之價態與特性 98
5-3 影響二氧化碳光催化還原之因素 99
5-4 活性比較 101
5-5 量子效率比較 104
第六章 結論 106
第七章 參考文獻 107
附 錄 112
個人小傳 123

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