臺灣博碩士論文加值系統

在本論文中，我們提出了一種新的浮水印機制，稱為不可視顯性浮水印技術（unseen visible watermarking、UVW）。以此技術嵌入的不可視顯性浮水印，可用來傳遞描述多媒體數位內容的詮釋資料（metadata）。在一般的情況下，不可視的顯性浮水印係處於不可視的狀態，但可以透過使用一般顯示裝置所提供的常見影像強化（image enhancement）功能加以揭露。相較於顯性浮水印技術（visible watermarking），不可視顯性浮水印技術可以讓嵌入浮水印後的數位內容的外觀與嵌入前看來疏無二致，因而得以完全保留其商業價值。相對於隱性浮水印技術（invisible watermarking），我們所提出的技術不需要特製的解譯器（explicit extractor），因此可免去部署該解譯模組所需的額外成本，並增加此技術的應用範圍。換言之，使用者不但可以透過各種顯示裝置享受高品質的多媒體內容，也可以很便利地取得能夠提高數位內容附加價值的額外資訊。此外，我們的系統還整合了二維條碼（2‐D barcodes），以改進顯性浮水印技術只能嵌入人眼可辨識但機器無法解譯的浮水印這項限制。然而，基本的不可見顯性浮水印亦有其缺點，就是只能應用在具備某些特殊性質的數位內容上。針對這個問題，我們提出了具內容適性之不可視顯性浮水印技術（content‐versatile UVW），以增加本技術的多媒體內容適用性。我們認為不可視顯性浮水印技術比現存的數位浮水印機制更接近現實世界中廣泛使用的實體浮水印技術。

We propose a novel class of watermarking schemes named as unseen visible watermarking (UVW). In this work, originally invisible patterns carrying metadata will be disclosed as long as image enhancement operations provided by common display devices are applied to the marked contents. The proposed schemes not only surpass existing visible watermarking schemes in better fidelity but also solve the limitations of invisible watermarking schemes that specific extraction modules must be deployed. Therefore, users of legacy display devices can enjoy high-quality visual experiences and still retain the convenience of value added metadata. Moreover, 2-D barcodes are integrated with the proposed UVW scheme to alleviate the constraint that conventional visible watermarking schemes cannot be directly used to deliver machine-readable metadata. On the other hand, the basic implementation of UVW suffers from the problem that messages cannot be readily embedded into contents lacking certain characteristics. A class of extended schemes, denoted as content-versatile unseen visible watermarking (CV-UVW), is devised to increase the content applicability of UVW schemes. We believe that the structures of UVW schemes are more similar to real-world watermarks than that of any existing digital watermarking scheme.

1 Introduction ......................................................... 1

2 RelatedWorks ......................................................... 6
2.1 Digital Watermarking ............................................. 6
2.2 Two-Dimensional Barcodes ......................................... 8

3 Unseen Visible Watermarking ......................................... 11
3.1 Analogy between Image Enhancement and Real-World Watermarking ... 11
3.2 The System Overview ............................................. 14
3.3 Implementations and Experiments ................................. 15
3.3.1 Gamma Correction: the Simplest Case ......................... 16
3.3.2 Detailed Implementation ..................................... 19
3.3.3 UVW for Images .............................................. 24
3.3.4 UVW for Uncompressed and Compressed Video ................... 25
3.3.5 UVW for Digital Documents ................................... 29
3.3.6 UVW Delivering Machine-Readable Messages .................... 32
3.3.7 Resistance to Geometric Attacks ............................. 33

4 Content-Versatile Unseen Visible Watermarking ....................... 34
4.1 UVW Based on Histogram Equalization ............................. 35
4.2 UVW Based on Contrast Stretching ................................ 36
4.3 UVW Based on Operation Concatenation ............................ 37
4.4 Texture-Adaptive Unseen Visible Watermarking .................... 41

5 Between Visible and Invisible Watermarking .......................... 48
5.1 Visual Quality .................................................. 49
5.2 Device Versatility / Deployment Cost ............................ 49
5.3 Content Versatility ............................................. 50
5.4 Message Type Versatility ........................................ 51
5.5 Robustness ...................................................... 51
5.6 Summary ......................................................... 52

6 Conclusions and FutureWorks ......................................... 54

References ............................................................ 55

Vita .................................................................. 58

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