臺灣博碩士論文加值系統

無線科技的技術已經改變了現代生活的型態。無線通訊的演化持續朝向高傳輸速率、寬頻和高載波頻率發展。隨著可用的7GHz不需要執照的頻譜，對於發展應用在新興的60GHz頻段引起越來越多的興趣。在無線通訊系統當中，除頻器是頻率合成器、鎖相迴路和二次降頻接收機的一個必要組成部分。
具有廣泛的操作頻率範圍的兩個全積體化金氧半除頻器被提出來應用在60GHz二次降頻的接收機。在毫米波上面直接注入鎖定技術被用來產生訊號除頻的功能。其中，採用在N型金氧半切換式電晶體的深N型井可以改進除頻器的鎖定範圍；結合跳頻和類比調頻技術，除頻器的操作頻寬可以涵蓋43GHz到49GHz。此外，提出一個改良過的恢復式除頻器架構可以產生除三的功能。利用寄生電容發展的帶通濾波器可以改進訊號的注入效率。本篇論文證實了第一個利用金氧半技術的微波除三除頻器。

The wireless technology has changed the style of modern life. The evolution of wireless communication continues to move toward high data rate, wide bandwidth, and high carrier frequency. With the available 7GHz unlicensed frequency spectrum, the interest of developing the emerging applications at 60GHz is growing. In wireless communication systems, the frequency divider is an essential building block for frequency synthesizers, phase-locked loops (PLL’s) and dual-conversion receiver.
Two integrated 48GHz CMOS frequency dividers with wide operation frequency range are presented for 60GHz dual-conversion receiver. The direct injection-locked technique is used to perform the signal division at millimeter-wave frequency. The deep n-well is implemented under the NMOS switch transistor to improve the locking range. Combined the band hopping and analog frequency tuning, the operation range of the frequency divider covers from 43GHz to 49GHz. In addition, a variation of the regenerative frequency divider architecture is proposed to perform divide-by-three function. The band-pass filter is developed with parasitic capacitance to improve the signal injection efficiency. The thesis demonstrates the first mm-wave divide-by-three frequency divider developed in CMOS technology.

摘要 I
Abstract II
1. INTRODUCTION 1
1.1 Motivation 1
1.2 Introduction of Frequency Dividers 5
1.3 Framework of the Thesis 6

2. FUNDAMENTALS OF MICROWAVE FREQUENCY DIVIDERS 7
2.1 Introduction 7
2.2 Topology of Divide-by-two Frequency Dividers 8
2.21 D Flip-Flops Divider 8
2.22 Miller Divider 10
2.23 Injection-locked Divider 11
2.24 Ring Oscillator Based Divider 13
2.3 Summary 14

3. WIDE OPERATION RANGE CMOS FREQUENCY DIVIDERS 16
3.1 Introduction 16
3.2 Direct Injection-locked Frequency Divider 17
3.3 Implementation of Wide Operation Range CMOS Frequency dividers 19
3.31 Principle of Direct Injection-locked Frequency Divider 19
3.32 Band Switching and Varactor-based Frequency Tuning Technique 22
3.33 Band Hopping Technique 29
3.4 Measurement Results 34
3.5 Summary 41

4. 60GHZ DIVIDE-BY-THREE FREQUENCY DIVIDERS 43
4.1 Introduction 43
4.2 Topology of Divide-by-three Frequency Divider 44
4.21 Modulus-3 D Flip-Flops Divider 44
4.22 Superharmonic Divide-by-three Divider 46
4.23 Cascode Differential LC Injection-locked Divider 47
4.3 Design of 60GHz Divide-by-three Frequency Divider 48
4.31 Regenerative Topology 49
4.32 Circuit Design and Analysis 50
4.4 Locking Range Analysis 53
4.41 Direct Injection Locking 53
4.42 Analysis of Proposed Divide-by-three Frequency Divider 64
4.5 Measurement Results 66
4.6 Summary 69

5. CONCLUSION 70

CONTRIBUTED PAPER 72
REFERENCE 73

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