臺灣博碩士論文加值系統

　　本研究嘗試運用隨機振動理論，以二分之一車俯仰分析模型進行車輛乘適性能之預測，經由此模型之模擬結果與實車客觀量測數據及主觀評估結果的相關性分析，檢驗此種分析模型於預測車輛乘適性能時之實用價值與效果。研究結果顯示，對於不同車速下的均方根值變化趨勢，二分之一車俯仰分析模型和較簡單之四分之一車輛模型皆有極佳的預測能力。對於不同車輛參數設定下的均方根值變化趨勢，兩種模型在高速時皆有良好的預測能力，但二分之一車俯仰分析模型的表現則稍好。在主觀乘適性能的表現方面，ISO加權指標對於主觀評估之趨勢具有良好的預測效果；此外也發現分析模型的結果比客觀量測數據更接近主觀乘適性能評估之趨勢，而使用二分之一車俯仰分析模型，將較四分之一車輛模型更能提升車輛乘適性之預測能力，且避免全車複雜模型眾多車體參數之需求與其可能衍生的誤差。

Based on the theory of random vibration, a half-car pitch model is used in this research for the prediction of ride comfort for passenger cars. In order to validate its authenticity, correlation analyses are performed between this model with measurements and subjective evaluation on a test vehicle. The results indicate that excellent correlation exists between simulations of the pitch model (also the simple quarter-car model) and RMS trends from the measurements under different speeds. In cases of different vehicle parameters, the correlation is good at high speeds, and results of the pitch model are slightly better than these of the quarter-car model. For the evaluation of ride comfort, the ISO weighted acceleration index proposed in this research is capable of predicting the trend of subjective evaluation and its correlation is even better than that of measurements. Moreover, the pitch model has better capability in predicting vehicle ride comfort than the quarter-car model. It can also prevent the needs of large amount of input parameters required by the full-car model and the potential error which might incur.

口試委員會審定書 i
誌謝 ii
中文摘要 iii
英文摘要 iv
目錄 v

第一章 緒論 1
1.1研究背景與動機 1
1.2文獻回顧 3
1.3研究方法與流程 6
1.4論文架構 7
圖例 9

第二章 研究方法 13
2.1前言 13
2.2車輛動力學模型 13
2.2.1拉格朗日方程式 13
2.2.2二分之一車俯仰分析模型 14
2.3隨機振動分析法 16
2.3.1傅立葉轉換 16
2.3.2頻譜密度函數 17
2.3.3離散系統的隨機振動分析 18
2.4相關性統計分析 19
表格 21
圖例 22

第三章 車輛模型之建立與驗證 24
3.1前言 24
3.2車輛分析模型之建立 24
3.2.1模型假設 24
3.2.2真實路面輸入及訊號之修正 25
3.2.3實驗車輛參數之設定 26
3.3模擬與實測於前懸吊塔之數據比較 27
3.3.1模擬與實車量測結果之一般特性比較 27
3.3.2不同行車速度之趨勢比較 29
3.3.3不同車輛參數之趨勢比較 30
3.4模擬與實測於駕駛腳底之數據比較 32
3.4.1模擬與實車量測結果之一般特性比較 32
3.4.2不同行車速度之趨勢比較 34
3.4.3不同車輛參數之趨勢比較 35
3.5成果檢討 37
表格 39
圖例 41

第四章 車輛乘適性能分析 59
4.1乘適性能指標的選用 59
4.2乘適性能之實車主觀評估 60
4.2.1主觀評估之設定 60
4.2.2評估結果之修正與分析 61
4.3乘適性能之分析與比較 62
4.3.1主觀評估與客觀量測 62
4.3.2主觀評估與分析模型 65
4.3.3俯仰模型與四分之一車輛模型 68
4.4綜合討論與建議 69
表格 71
圖例 74

第五章 結論及未來展望 79
5.1結論 79
5.2未來展望 80

附錄一 客觀量測與分析模型之均方根值 82
附錄二 客觀量測結果之低通濾波擬合 84
附錄三 乘適性能趨勢之均方根值 85

參考文獻 87

[1]廖家慶，車輛乘適性能分析與驗證，台灣大學機械工程研究所碩士論文，民國94年。
[2]ISO 2631-1：Mechanical Vibration and Shock-Evaluation of Human Exposure to Whole-Body Vibration-Part 1: General Requirements, International Organization for Standardization, 1997.
[3]Kim, T., Cho, Y., Yoon, Y. -S. and Park, S., Dynamic Ride Quality Investigation and DB of Ride Values for Passenger and RV Cars, SAE 2001-01-0384, 2001.
[4]Cucuz, S., Evaluation of Ride Comfort, Int. J. of Vehicle Design, Vol. 15, Nos 3/4/5, pp. 318-325, 1994.
[5]馮君平、田永豐、黃俊仁、張順惠、林根源、張榮明及張誌煌，汽車系統動態及舒適性分析，第二十屆機械工程研討會論文集，第1891-1897頁，民國92年。
[6]張羽寬、陳冠中及傅增棣，車輛舒適性影響因子之分析與評估，車輛測試改善研究計畫，民國91年。
[7]梁卓中、江基風、余慶雲及謝其達，車輛懸吊系統對人體乘適性之影響，第二十屆機械工程研討會論文集，第1685-1692頁，民國92年。
[8]張榮明及吳瑞鴻，車輛振動舒適性評估分析，第二十三屆機械工程研討會論文集，C12-009，民國95年。
[9]Milliken, W. F. and Milliken, D. L., Chassis Design: Principles and Analysis, Society of Automotive Engineers (SAE), Warrendale, PA, 2002.
[10]Best, A., Vehicle Ride-Stages in Comprehension, Phys. Technology, Vol. 15, pp. 205-210, 1984.
[11]Gillespie, T. D., Fundamental of Vehicle Dynamics, Society of Automotive Engineers (SAE), Warrendale, PA, 1992.
[12]Sneck, H. J., Machine Dynamics, Prentice Hall, 1991.
[13]Wong, J.Y., Theory of Ground Vehicle, Third Edition, John Wiley & Sons, Inc., 2001.
[14]Kushiro, I., Yasuda, E. and Doi, S., An Analysis of Pitch and Bounce Motion, Requiring High Performance of Ride Comfort, Vehicle System Dynamics Supplement, Vol.41, pp. 83-92, 2004.
[15]Tamboli, J. A. and Joshi, S. G., Optimum Design of a Passive Suspension System of a Vehicle Subjected to Actual Random Road Excitations, Journal of Sound and Vibration, Vol.219, No.2, pp. 193-205, 1999.
[16]He, Y. and McPhee, J., A Design Methodology for Mechatronic Vehicles: Application Of Multidisciplinary Optimization, Multibody Dynamics and Genetic Algorithms, Vehicle System Dynamics, Vol. 43 , No. 10, pp. 967-733, 2005.
[17]Zhu, Q. and Ishitobi, M., Chaos and Bifurcations in a Nonlinear Vehicle Model, Journal of Sound and Vibration, Vol. 275, pp. 1136-1146, 2004.
[18]Crolla, D. A. and King, R. P., Olley’s “Flat Ride” Revisited, Vehicle System Dynamics Supplement, Vol.33, pp. 762-774, 1999.
[19]Lin, J.-S. and Huang, C.-J., Nonlinear Backstepping Active Suspension Design Applied to a Half-car Model, Vehicle System Dynamics, Vol. 42 , No. 6, pp. 373-393, 2004.
[20]Lodewijks, G., Nuttall, A.J.G., Mazzali, C., Mecheroni, R. and Savkoor, A.R., Ride Comfort Enhancement Considering Car Body Aerodynamics Using Actively Controlled Spoilers, Vehicle System Dynamics Supplement, Vol. 41, pp. 162-171, 2004.
[21]Sharp, R. S., Wheelbase Filtering and Automobile Suspension Tuning for Minimizing Motions in Pitch, IMechE, Vol. 216, Part D, pp. 933-944, 2002.
[22]Sun, T., Zhang, Y. and Barak, P., 4-DOF Vehicle Ride Model, SAE 2002-01-1580, 2002.
[23]Thompson, A.G. and Davis, B.R., RMS Values of Force, Stroke and Tyre Deflection in a Half-car Model with Preview Controlled Active Suspension, Vehicle System Dynamics, Vol. 39 , No. 3, pp. 245-253, 2003.
[24]Yu, F., Zhang, J.-W. and Crolla, D.A., A Study of a Kalman Filter Active Vehicle Suspension System Using Correlation of Front and Rear Wheel Road Inputs, IMechE, Vol. 214, Part D, pp. 493-502, 2000.
[25]Newland, D. E., An Introduction to Random Vibrations and Spectral Analysis, Longman, London, 1975.
[26]劉成群及張超群，汽車振動與噪音，新文京開發，台北縣，民國91年。
[27]陳超塵，統計學，台灣商務印書館，台北巿，民國80年。