臺灣博碩士論文加值系統

本論文主要目的為使用力源理論的方法，來探討流場結構與物體受力之間的關係。物體通過均勻流場所受的力一直以來都是大家所相當關注的問題，而在計算、升阻力與力矩時，一般文獻中最常使用的方法都是由壓力來估算物體的受力，但因為是由物體表面的壓力積分而得到物體的受力，因此無法清楚的得知整個流場對物體受力的影響。在本論文中使用了一種診斷性的力源理論Chang(1992)來區別流場中各流體元素對力的貢獻，並成功的將其擴展至可應用在物體具有表面速度的流場、多體流場、三維流場和三維多體流場的受力分解。
此力源理論法引入一輔助勢流與Navier-Stokes方程式作內積，再求其體積分，可求得壓力項對物體所造成的外力，並可引出升、阻力及力矩元素的概念來探討流場個別渦旋對升、阻力及力矩的實際貢獻。這種觀點對於探討非定常流場與物體之間的受力關係非常有幫助，根據這些看法來分析流場型態，除了可更深入瞭解流場性質外，並且可以利用此方法來分析、預測、設計，甚至控制出有利於實際應用的流場。本論文將就幾種常見的流場情況，利用力源理論分解並深入探討受力關係，進而發展有助於提高效能的流場控制方法。

誌謝 i
摘要 iii
目錄 v
圖目錄 x
表目錄 xx
符號表 xxi
1. 導論 1
1.1. 背景及目的 1
1.2. 文獻回顧 3
1.2.1. 圓柱 3
1.2.2. 表面控制圓柱 4
1.2.3. 多圓柱流場 5
1.2.4. 力源理論 9
1.3. 全文概述 10
2. 控制方程式與數值方法 11
2.1. 簡介 11
2.2. 網格的產生 11
2.2.1. 時間 12
2.2.2. 數值擴散 13
2.2.3. 網格品質 14
2.3. 控制方程式 17
2.4. 數值方法 19
2.4.1. 分離求解器 20
2.4.2. 空間離散 21
2.4.3. 時間離散 26
2.4.4. 壓力-速度耦合關係的處理 28
2.5. UDF介紹 35
2.5.1. 網格資料結構 35
2.5.2. 解釋和編譯UDF的比較 38
2.5.3. 使用DEFINE巨集定義一個UDF 39
2.5.4. 與求解器的資料連結 46
2.5.5. 使用者自訂標量(User Defined Scalar & Memory) 47
2.5.6. UDF的執行流程 48
3. 力源理論 50
3.1. 前言 50
3.2. 輔助勢流 51
3.3. 瞬間啟動的物體 52
3.4. 表面部分滑移 56
3.5. 多體力源理論 60
4. 實驗設備與方法 63
4.1. 實驗設備 63
4.1.1. 拖曳式水槽及拖曳式平台 63
4.1.2. 攝影量測等週邊設備 64
4.1.3. 流場顯影 65
5. 表面控制圓柱 68
5.1. 前言 68
5.2. 瞬間啟動圓柱 69
5.2.1. 簡介 69
5.2.2. 數值結果驗證 69
5.2.3. 流場現象 71
5.2.4. 物體的受力分析 73
5.3. 表面滑移圓柱 80
5.3.1. 簡介與概念 80
5.3.2. 數值結果驗證 83
5.3.3. 流場現象 84
5.3.4. 物體的受力分析 85
6. 多圓柱流場 94
6.1. 兩個圓柱前後排列 94
6.1.1. 簡介 94
6.1.2. 數值結果驗證 94
6.1.3. 流場現象 96
6.1.4. 物體的受力分析 97
6.2. 三個等大小圓柱 109
6.2.1. 簡介 109
6.2.2. 流場現象 109
6.2.3. 物體受力分析 111
6.3. 三個不同大小圓柱 119
6.3.1. 體積阻力稜線初步分析 119
6.3.2. 流場現象 120
6.3.3. 物體的受力分析 121
7. 翼-柱耦合流場 131
7.1. 簡介 131
7.2. 單一機翼瞬間啟動 131
7.2.1. 流場現象 132
7.2.2. 物體受力分析 134
7.3. 翼-柱耦合流場 141
7.3.1. 體積阻力稜線走勢分析 141
7.3.2. 流場現象 142
7.3.3. 物體受力分析 144
8. 三維多體流場 152
8.1. 圓球瞬間起動 152
8.1.1. 流場現象 152
8.1.2. 物體受力分析 156
8.2. 正立方塊瞬間起動 161
8.2.1. 流場現象 161
8.2.2. 物體受力分析 164
8.3. 有限長度圓柱瞬間起動 169
8.3.1. 流場現象 169
8.3.2. 物體受力分析 173
8.4. 兩顆圓球前後排列 177
8.4.1. 流場現象 177
8.4.2. 物體受力分析 179
8.5. 兩個有限長圓柱交叉排列 185
8.5.1. 流場現象 185
8.5.2. 物體受力分析 188
8.6. 結語 190
9. 結論與展望 195
10. 參考文獻 198
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