臺灣博碩士論文加值系統

本研究以光催化法氧化水中氨氮，光源為365 nm之UV光，催化劑為陽極氧化法製備之奈米鈦管與商用的二氧化鈦；此外，亦利用光沉積法披覆鉑金屬於奈米鈦管表面，以及在二氧化鈦上披覆鈀、鉑、金和銅等四種金屬，使氨氮氧化速率提高，且促使氨氮氧化為氮氣；並進一步探討在不同條件下的反應活性、中間產物、最終產物濃度和氮氣產率，以決定最佳氮氣產率之條件。
研究結果為：（1）由背景實驗得知，氨氮不會吸收波長365 nm之UV光而直接光解，且在pH值為10.5時有15.9 %的氨氮逸散，pH值為9.5則為9.3 %；（2）自製奈米鈦管之內徑約20 ~ 100 nm不等，管壁厚度為10 nm，並由側面圖得知管長約為276 nm；（3）以奈米鈦管光催化24小時可降解20 %之氨氮，而二氧化鈦可在3小時內降解超過50 %之氨氮，並於14小時內將95 %氨氮完全氧化為最終產物；（4）披覆型二氧化鈦之氨氮氧化速率皆高於二氧化鈦，如披覆鈀且於pH=10.5時，於5至7小時內即可完全氧化；（5）隨pH值降低，氨氮氧化速率減慢，產物分佈亦有所改變，而Au/TiO2之氧化速率較不受pH影響，在pH=8時其氧化速率比其他催化劑快速，速率常數為0.0025 min-1，但氮氣產率僅有10 %；（6）當pH值下降，氮氣產率有提升之趨勢，尤以Cu/TiO2最為明顯，當pH由10.5下降至8，氮氣產率由3.3 %提升至43.1 %。

This research is about treating ammonia in water by photocatalysis under UV illumination (λ= 365 nm), and the catalysts used are titanium nanotube and titanium dioxide (TiO2). In order to enhance ammonia oxidation rate and nitrogen yields, some metals such as Pd, Pt, Au, Cu was coated on TiO2 by photodeposition method. Effects of pH value were also tested for the optimal reaction conditions.
The results showed that direct photodegradation of ammonia did not occurr under UV illumination (λ= 365 nm). The amount of ammonia volatilization was 15.9 % and 9.3 % at pH value of 10.5 and 9.5, respectively. The diameter of titanium nanotube varied from 20 to 100 nm, its length was about 276 nm, and thickness was about 10 nm. Through photocatalyzing by titanium nanotube after 24 hours, only 20% of ammonia degraded. However, 95% of ammonia degraded within 14 hours while the catalyst was titanium dioxide. Metal loaded on TiO2, especially Pd, improved effectively the ammonia oxidation rate; more than 99% of ammonia was degraded into nitrate during 7 hours. With the pH value decreasing, the ammonia oxidation rate decreased. Furthermore, the ammonia degradation rate using Au/TiO2 was not affected by the pH. For Cu/TiO2, nitrogen yields raised from 3.3 % to 43.1 %, with the pH value decreased from 10.5 to 8.

摘要 I
ABSTRACT II
目錄 III
圖目錄 VI
表目錄 VIII
第一章 緒論 1
1.1 研究緣起 1
1.2 研究目的與內容 2
第二章 文獻回顧 3
2.1 氨氮簡介 3
2.1.1 氨氮的來源 4
2.1.2 氨氮的危害 4
2.1.3 氨氮的去除 7
2.2 光催化反應 8
2.2.1 光化學反應基本定律 8
2.2.2 光催化種類 10
2.2.3 光催化法於水中氨氮之應用 11

2.3 二氧化鈦 15
2.3.1 性質和用途 15
2.3.2 二氧化鈦光催化機制 16
2.3.3 奈米鈦管 18
2.3.4 二氧化鈦的改質 19
第三章 實驗方法與設備 21
3.1 研究架構與內容 21
3.2 材料製備 22
3.2.1 奈米鈦管 22
3.2.2 光沉積 23
3.3 批次實驗 24
3.3.1 直接光解實驗 24
3.3.2 氨氮逸散實驗 24
3.3.3 奈米鈦管批次實驗 25
3.3.4 二氧化鈦最佳劑量實驗 25
3.3.5 以氫氣做前處理 26
3.3.6 批覆比例批次實驗 26
3.3.7 批覆型二氧化鈦批次實驗 27
第四章 結果與討論 28
4.1 背景實驗 28
4.1.1 直接光解實驗 28
4.1.2 氨氮逸散實驗 30
4.2 奈米鈦管 30
4.3 二氧化鈦 36
4.3.1 二氧化鈦最佳劑量實驗 36
4.3.2 二氧化鈦批次動力實驗 38
4.4 以氫氣做前處理 39
4.5 金屬最佳披覆比例 41
4.6 批覆型二氧化鈦反應動力 43
4.6.1 pH值為10.5之動力實驗 44
4.6.2 pH值為9.5之動力實驗 48
4.6.3 pH值為8之動力實驗 52
4.6.4 氮氣產率 55
第五章 結論與建議 61
5.1 結論 61
5.2 建議 62
參考文獻 64
附錄 70
圖目錄
圖2.1 NH4+ 和NH3平衡圖 3
圖2.2 二氧化鈦受光激發產生電子電洞之情形 17
圖2.3 奈米鈦管形成之示意圖 19
圖3.1 研究架構圖 21
圖4.1 氨氮直接光解曲線 29
圖4.2 氨氮曝氣逸散曲線 29
圖4.3 奈米鈦管之SEM圖 32
圖4.4 奈米鈦管之氨氮氧化趨勢和其產物分佈圖 32
圖4.5 批覆型奈米鈦管放大50,000倍之SEM圖 33
圖4.6 批覆型奈米鈦管之EDX圖譜 34
圖4.7 批覆型奈米鈦管之氨氮氧化趨勢和其產物分佈圖 35
圖4.8 二氧化鈦加藥量和氨氮去除率的關係 37
圖4.9 氨氮氧化曲線及其產物分佈 39
圖4.10 以氫氣煅燒、未煅燒之氨氮氧化曲線 41
圖4.11 不同金屬比例氧化氨氮之產物分佈圖 42
圖4.12 不同金屬比例之氨氮光催化比較 43
圖4.13 不同催化劑之氨氮氧化反應圖 45
圖4.14 不同催化劑之亞硝酸鹽產量與時間的關係 47
圖4.15 不同催化劑之硝酸鹽產量與時間的關係 47
圖4.16 不同催化劑之氨氮氧化反應圖 49
圖4.17 不同催化劑之亞硝酸鹽產量與時間的關係 51
圖4.18 不同催化劑之硝酸鹽產量與時間的關係 51
圖4.19 不同催化劑之氨氮氧化反應圖 53
圖4.20 不同催化劑之亞硝酸鹽產量與時間的關係 54
圖4.21 不同催化劑之硝酸鹽產量與時間的關係 55
圖4.22 CU/TIO2降解氨氮40 %之氮氣產率、光催化7小時之氮氣產量產量與PH之關係 58
圖4.23 CU/TIO2降解氨氮40 %之產物分佈圖 59
圖4.24 不同催化劑之產物分佈圖 60

















表目錄
表2.1 氨的生物毒性 5
表2.2 化學鍵斷裂所需之能量 9
表2.3 光催化水中氨氮之相關研究 12
表4.1 加藥量與氨氮去除率和亞硝酸鹽產量之關係 37
表4.2 不同金屬比例之速率常數和R2 43
表4.3 不同催化劑於PH=10.5之速率常數、R2 45
表4.4 不同催化劑於PH=9.5之速率常數、R2 49
表4.5 不同催化劑於PH=8之速率常數、R2、產物產率 54
表4.6 不同催化劑之速率常數、R2、總氮回收率、氮氣產率 57

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