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研究生:甘展安
研究生(外文):Chan-An Kan
論文名稱:捷運高運量列車乘客擁擠知覺之研究-以捷運淡水線為例
論文名稱(外文):A Study on Passenger’s Crowding Perception on MRT Heavy-Capacity System Train-Take Example of Taipei MRT Danshui Line
指導教授:李威儀李威儀引用關係
指導教授(外文):Wei-I Lee
學位類別:碩士
校院名稱:國立臺灣科技大學
系所名稱:建築系
學門:建築及都市規劃學門
學類:建築學類
論文種類:學術論文
論文出版年:2007
畢業學年度:95
語文別:中文
論文頁數:88
中文關鍵詞:大眾捷運系統擁擠知覺擁擠理論調適反應
外文關鍵詞:MRTperception crowdingtheory of crowdingcoping responses
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捷運淡水線擁有台北捷運較特殊的型態,因路線經過地區之環境差異,包含地下、高架及地面段三種型式,形成不同的空間情境,進而造成搭乘者不同的視覺感官經驗;在捷運列車行駛中,以搭乘者所感受到的乘客人數,是最直接影響到搭乘者之擁擠知覺,並引發其焦慮情緒,此外尚有其他因素影響著擁擠知覺。
本研究探討捷運列車行駛中,搭乘者對其接觸的環境,所產生之擁擠知覺、焦慮情緒與調適反應的關係,以及不同使用者屬性是否會因此有所差異,並探討不同時段(不同的乘客人數)及地下段與地上段(不同情境)時情境體驗及知覺反應之差異;操作方式以結構式問卷作為資料蒐集之工具,並以捷運淡水線中山及圓山兩車站為實證研究之地點。經由實證研究結果,可得到以下幾點結論:

1.根據本研究結果推測出於中山站「無擁擠感覺」時推估乘客人數為每米平方1.42人,圓山站為每米平方1.8人;而於中山站感到「有點擁擠」時推估乘客人數為每米平方3.05人,圓山站為每米平方3.41人,故乘客於地下段對於擁擠的容受力較地上段低,建議以此參考值調整捷運的班次及班距,以維持捷運搭乘的品質。
2.乘客屬性及搭乘特性對擁擠影響因子差異性部分,於不同時段及車站,差異性一致者為「年齡」,年齡較輕者對於擁擠相關因子負面感受愈大;「搭乘動機」上班者較上課及休閒育樂者對於擁擠相關因子負面感受愈大;「搭乘站數」搭乘1-4站者對於擁擠相關因子負面感受愈大。
3.影響擁擠知覺的因子有社會密度、知覺人數、情境因素及焦慮情緒,社會密度愈高擁擠知覺愈高,知覺到人數愈高擁擠知覺愈高,負面情境因素感受愈強擁擠知覺愈高,擁擠知覺愈高焦慮情緒也愈高。依據乘客對減低擁擠感改善方式之偏好,擬定減低擁擠感改善對策:「車廂內座位設置方式不適當」及「車廂空間狹小」可在車廂內設置彈性收放使用之座椅以增加空間彈性使用;「車廂內空氣品質不佳」可限制乘客人數即班距調整或在擁擠時段車廂空調加強;「列車行駛時視野封閉」可在地下段車站作主題造型設計,或將隧道壁體彩繪及廣告物設置,以塑造短暫視覺焦點及開闊的感受;「列車行駛時噪音吵雜」可藉由車廂隔音設施或車廂內播放輕音樂,以造成聽覺感官焦點;「車廂內乘客人擠人」可藉由限制乘客人數及增加班次獲得改善;「車廂內乘客視線干擾」可在車廂內增設LCD銀幕、增加創意廣告物及車廂空間造型設計,尤其是地下段無法觀景的狀態以塑造乘客的視覺焦點。
Taipei MRT Danshui Line has special type of Taipei MRT System, because the environmental difference that the route passes, includes three kinds of model of underground, overhead and on the ground construction, builds up different space situations, and then provides different vision experience for the persons who take the line; While taking the train, the number of persons take together perceived by the passenger, influences the crowding perception most directly, and causes passenger’s anxious mood. In addition, there are still other factors influence the crowding perception have been discussed.
In this study, we investigated the relationship between crowding perception, anxious mood and coping responses of passengers, and elucidated if different passenger attributes can resulted in difference to some extent; we also investigated the differences of the situations experienced and the consciousness reaction among different transporting periods ( different passenger numbers), underground section and on the ground section ( different situations); The structural formula questionnaire was used as a tool to collect data, and Zhongshan and Yungshan stations were the places this study carried out. According to the results of this study, conclusions were summarized as following:
1.The passenger number standing to 'without crowding feeling' were estimated as 1.42 per square meter at Zhongshan station, and 1.8 at Yuanshan station; while feeling 'a little crowding' were estimated as 3.05 per square meter at Zhongshan station, and 3.41 at Yungshan station. These indicated that passengers accepted more passenger number during on the ground section than that of underground section, and it is suggested to adjust number of runs and interval of runs, in order to keep the superior quality of transportation.
2.As the effects of passenger attributes and reasons of transportation on the relevant factors of crowding feeling were studied, at different periods and stations investigated, younger were negatively related to the relevant factors of crowding feeling when considering ‘age of passenger’; persons went to work had more stronger crowding feeling than that went to have a class and have recreation when considering 'motivation of transportation '; the persons who took 1-4 stations were experienced the greater crowding feeling than others when considering ‘ numbers of stations experienced’.
3.The factors influenced the crowded perception were social density, number of persons perceived by the passenger, situation factors and anxious mood. The higher the social density was, the higher the crowded perception was; the higher the number of persons perceived by the passenger was, the higher the crowded perception was; the higher the negative situation factors experienced, the higher the crowded perception was; and the higher the crowded perception was, the higher the anxious mood was. We suggested following means to improve seven negative situation factors: ' inappropriate carriage seat arrangement ' and ' carriage space narrow and small ' can be improved by setting up elastically-charged-seats to increase space in carriage; ' air of carriage was not good ' can be improved by reducing passenger number, namely adjusting interval of runs, or strengthening air conditioner of the carriage during crowded period; 'vision was restricted while transporting underground' can be improved by building theme or shape-designing creatures at underground stations, or by colored- drawing the tunnel wall or setting up advertising things, in order to catch vision and provide open feeling transiently; ’it was noisy while transporting ' can be improved by enhancing sound insulation facilities of carriage or broadcasting light music in the carriage, in order to focus the passenger’s sense of hearing; ' it was crowd in the carriage ' can by improved by reducing passenger number, or increasing number of runs; 'passenger's sight was interfered in carriage' can by improved by setting up LCD screens, increasing the advertising things and space shape-designing creatures in the carriage, in order to focus the passenger's vision especially for the underground section while that can't appreciate the scenery.
第壹章�緒論
第一節�研究動機
第二節�研究目的
第三節�研究內容與研究流程
第貳章�文獻回顧與理論探討
第一節�擁擠知覺與擁擠理論
第二節�擁擠模式
第三節�擁擠知覺影響因素
第四節�調適反應
第五節�焦慮情緒
第六節�小節
第參章�捷運實證研究調查與分析
第一節�研究方法
第二節�調查概要
第三節�基本分析
第肆章�捷運擁擠因素的差異性分析及減低擁擠感改善方式分析
第一節�時間別及車站別擁擠因素的差異性分析
第二節�屬性別擁擠因素的差異性分析
第三節�搭乘者對減低擁擠感改善方式之分析
第伍章�結論與建議
第一節�結論
第二節�建議
中文參考文獻
1.張俊彥,1987,《遊憩規劃中遊客擁擠知覺之分析》,國立台灣大學園藝系研究所碩士論文。
2.陳水源,1988,《擁擠與戶外遊憩體驗關係之研究—社會心理層面之探討》,國立台灣大學森林學研究所博士論文。
3.游菀瑋,2000,《都市植栽減輕焦慮情緒之研究》,國立台灣大學園藝學研究所碩士論文,p22-26。
4.羅國瑜,2002,《社會心理承載量與情緒體驗關係之研究》,朝陽科技大學建築及都市設計研究所碩士論文,p11。
5.吳瑞瑜,2003,《森林遊樂區遊客擁擠知覺之研究-以東勢林場為例》,國立中興大學森林學系碩士論文。
6.范盛楨,2005,《國家公園社會心理承載量之研究-以玉山國家公園為例》,朝陽科技大學休閒事業管理系碩士論文。

中文書目
1.張春興,1975,《心理學》,東華書局,p282-283
2.王秀枝、吳英璋,1987,《生活事件、生活壓力及身心疾病的動力性關係,中華心理衛生學刊》,3(2):155-170
3.蕭秀玲、莊慧秋、黃漢耀譯,1991,《環境心理學》,心理出版公司,p219-265
4.張春興,1992,《現代心理學》,三民書局。
5.游恆山,1993,《情緒心理學》,五南圖書出版公司。
6.危芷芬譯(Francis T. McAndrew原著),1995,《環境心理學》,五南圖書出版公司。
7.葛樹人,1996,《心理測驗學》,桂冠圖書公司。
8.楊治良,1997,《實驗心理學》,東華書局。
9.台北市政府捷運工程局,2002,《台北都會區捷運建設白皮書》,p38
10.台北捷運公司,2004,《台北捷運公司2004年年報》,p4

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