臺灣博碩士論文加值系統

本文將子女數與汙染流量同時放入代表性個人的效用函數，利用簡單的AK內生成長模型，探討時間投入分配在生產財貨、養育子女與防治汙染三類活動當中，和資本分配在生產性與防治性用途上，此其間的抵換關係受生產技術進步、防治汙染技術進步、環保意識與養育時間成本等外生變數變動的影響，人口和經濟成長率又是如何的改變。
模型的結果顯示出，經濟體只有唯一的均衡點，所以經濟體恆處於平衡成長路徑，若外生參數變動則經濟體會立刻調整到新的均衡點。在平衡成長路徑上，生產性資本分配比例、三類活動投入時間和汙染流量為固定值，而產出、消費與資本都以固定的成長率成長，消費資本比恆等於時間偏好率，因為養育時間與子女數設定為線性關係，故人口成長率也為固定值，亦即在經濟發展的同時，可維持一定的環境品質，且人口也有穩定的成長，並未發生Malthus所言人口在長期有停滯的現象。
比較靜態的結果顯示出，人們對汙染的忍受能力對經濟成長的影響甚鉅，因本文將之設定為固定的外生參數，不知其相對大小，故而經濟成長率的比較靜態無明確結果。

The paper uses a simple AK model with endogenous population growth rate and pollution flow to study how the trade off in time and capital allocation is affected by the change of exogenous variables, and how the population and economic growth rates are influenced.
The model demonstrates an unique equilibrium, so the economy always lies on the balanced growth path. If any exogenous variable changes, the economy jumps to new equilibrium immediately. On the balanced growth path, productive capital ratio, times of three activities and pollution flow are constant, and output, consumption and capital grow at an constant growth rate. Consumption-capital ratio is always equal to time preference rate and the growth rate of pollution is also constant, because the relation between rearing time and children number is linear. It is to say when the economy develops, at the same time, environmental quality can holded at an constant standard, population grows steadily, and it does not happen as Multhus says that population ceases to grow at long run.
The results of comparative static show that the degree of impatience to pollution has great influence to economic growth. Because it is an exogenous parameter in this paper, exogenous variables have uncertain effect on growth rate.

第一章 研究動機與架構 1
第一節 研究動機 1
第二節 研究架構 5
第二章 文獻回顧 7
第一節 人口與經濟成長 7
第二節 環境汙染與經濟成長 12
第三章 模型設定、平衡成長路徑及穩定性分析 17
第一節 經濟環境與經濟參與者 17
第二節 最適條件 19
第三節 平衡成長路徑 20
第四節 穩定性分析 22
第四章 比較靜態分析 25
第一節 外生變數對生產性資本比例的影響 25
第二節 外生變數對養育子女時間投入的影響 27
第三節 外生變數對人口成長率的影響 28
第四節外生變數對防治汙染時間投入的影響 29
第五節外生變數對生產性時間投入的影響 31
第六節外生變數對汙染流量的影響 33
第七節外生變數對經濟成長的影響 35
第五章 結論與建議 37
第一節 結論 37
第二節 研究限制 39
第三節 研究建議 39
【附錄A】證明BGP存在 41
【附錄B】證明(23)式的解存在 44
【附錄C】有界的終身效用 45
【附錄D】穩定性分析 47
【附錄E】比較靜態分析 50
參考文獻 57

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