臺灣博碩士論文加值系統

人體中由主要功能不在承受力量的軟組織所構成的器官如腦、腎臟及肝臟等器官在身體受到外力衝擊時非常可能受到傷害，然而這些軟組織的力學性質研究長期以來並沒有受到像承受力量的軟組織如軟骨、肌腱及韌帶等的力學性質研究一樣受到重視。隨著汽車安全規範要求的提高，使得對於身體各部份組織力學性質的研究受到更多的重視，身體組織精確力學模型的建立是設計製造有效預防傷害設備及精確模擬傷害不可缺少的要件。除此之外，自動手術工具及機器人的開發及外科醫生訓練用的虛擬實境手術訓練系統的發展都要有對於相關生物組織機械性質相當的了解並建立適當的力學模型之後才能順利進行。

故本實驗主要目的為建立不同的黏彈性模型並比較其優劣，提供我們對此類軟組織黏彈性模型有更多的瞭解。藉由量測豬腎皮層組織在單軸向拉伸實驗所得的資料利用最小平方法擬合三種不同黏彈性模型(三參數線性黏彈性模型、五參數Wiechert模型、三參數分數微分模型)，將擬合曲線與原實驗曲線相比較。顯示出豬腎皮層組織在單軸向拉伸實驗中，三參數分數微分模型與五參數Wiechert模型都會比三參數線性黏彈性模型有更好的曲線擬合結果，而三參數分數微分模型會比五參數Wiechert模型更適合用來擬合長時間之實驗數據。

在應用部份，利用三參數線性黏彈性模型本構方程式係數(a,b,c)來估算豬腎皮層試片在單裂縫拉伸實驗中黏彈性功的損失。在本研究中經由一維線性黏彈性功的計算和二維/三維有限元素分析(ABAQUS)模擬兩個方法來探討結果。

Soft tissues such as brain, liver, kidney, etc. are very vulnerable to trauma during car crash and other impact consequences, but mechanical properties of these soft tissues, which do not bear force, have not been investigated as completely as mechanical properties of load-bearing soft tissues such as ligament, tendon, articular cartilage, etc. The growing requirements of automotive safety regulation need examination of the mechanical properties of these soft tissues. The accurate constitutive models of these soft tissues are the perquisites for injury simulation and designing methods for injury prevention. Furthermore, recent developments in surgical robotic technology as well as advances in virtual reality techniques necessitate closer investigation of the mechanical properties of these tissues. The development of these technology and techniques, for these soft tissues, is highly dependent on the knowledge of mechanical properties of these tissues and the availability of proper constitutive models of these tissues.

In this study, the mechanical properties of pig kidney cortex under uniaxial tensile loads were characterized. The experimental data were obtained at three different loading displacement rates (0.08, 0.2 and 0.4 mm/sec), and they were fitted into three different viscoelastic constitutive models. It can be seen that 3-parameter fractional derivative model and 5-parameter Wiechert model can better fit the experimental results than 3-parameter linear viscoelastic model does. Furthermore, 3-parameter fractional derivative model is more suitable to fit the long term experimental data than 5-parameter Wiechert model. The constitutive models were used to calculate the viscoelastic work dissipation of pig kidney cortex specimen during single notched tensile tests via 1-D linear viscoelastic estimation and 2-D/3-D finite element simulations.

目次
摘要 1
英文摘要 2
誌謝 3
目次 4
表目錄 6
圖目錄 7
第一章 緒論 9
1-1 研究背景 9
1-2 研究動機 10
1-3 文獻回顧 11
1-4 研究方法 11
1-5 本文架構 12
第二章 軟組織材料數學模型之建立 13
2-1 軟組織材料的性質 13
2-2 黏彈性材料的模型建立 13
2-2.1 三參數線性黏彈性模型 14
2-2.2 五參數線性黏彈性模型(Wiechert model) 17
2-2.3 三參數分數微分模型 19
2.3 不同數學模型之參數探討 23
2-3.1 三參數線性黏彈性模型 23
2-3.2 五參數線性黏彈性模型(Wiechert model) 24
2-3.3 三參數分數微分模型 25
第三章 實驗步驟 27
3-1 實驗設備 27
3-2 實驗方法 28
3-3 最小平方法 30
第四章 實驗結果分析 33
4-1 YZ平面拉伸結果分析 33
4-2 XZ平面拉伸結果分析 39
4-3 XY平面拉伸結果分析 45
4-4 三個平面拉伸結果之比較 51
4-5 應用 55
4-5.1 如何估算1-D破壞試驗黏彈性功的損失 55
4-5.2 有限元素法之分析 57
4-5.3 模擬結果 57
第五章 結論與未來展望 64
參考文獻 66

參考文獻
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