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研究生:謝昀展
研究生(外文):Chris Hsieh
論文名稱:澳洲英語母語人士的言談分析─於初次對話的溝通情境
論文名稱(外文):Conversation Analysis of English Native Speakers in Australia: Communication at the First Conversation
指導教授:黃大夫黃大夫引用關係
指導教授(外文):Da-Fu Huang
學位類別:碩士
校院名稱:南台科技大學
系所名稱:應用英語系
學門:人文學門
學類:外國語文學類
論文種類:學術論文
論文出版年:2007
畢業學年度:95
語文別:中文
論文頁數:144
中文關鍵詞:訊息導出言辭訊息給予言辭禮儀策略顏面威脅適應理論
外文關鍵詞:information eliciting utterances (IEU)information giving utterances
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本研究的目的是為了找出英語為母語者於初次對話時的對話方式:在初次見面的階段,素昧平生的對話者,如何藉由對話認識彼此與交換相關訊息?本研究募集十位志願者;其中包含一位屆齡退休的學生,兩位三十歲的就業人士,以及七位二十出頭的大學學生。本研究將此十位志願者分為兩人一組,進行大約十分鐘的對話。在對話開始前,所有參與者與其談話對象皆毫無所悉。所有對話過程皆予以錄音,之後以逐字稿方式將內容完整呈現。
針對談話內容,研究者將予以歸納與分析。研究者將著重於兩點方向:第一、‘訊息導出言辭(Information Eliciting Utterances, IEU.)’以及‘訊息給予言辭(Information Giving Utterances, IGU.)’;第二、談話中的禮儀策略(Politeness Strategies)以及顏面威脅(Face-threatening Acts, FTA.)説明初次交談時的訊息交換:在輕鬆自在的談話氣氛下,對話者傾向談論到哪些話題,到何種程度?在初次對話情境中,對話者總是儘可能維持基本談話禮節,他們將如何採取不同的禮儀策略,以便自在地分享與交換彼此的資訊?
本研究結果亦可望對國內的英語教師以及學習者提供若干啟發。尤以對英語學習者而言,在對以英語為母語者的初次談話方式有所知悉之後,應可減輕與外籍人士對話時的不安與疑懼,進而擁有較為愉快的談話經驗。
This project is designed to discover the communication manner of the native speaker in first conversations: at the phase of getting to know each other, how do they get acquainted and how do the information exchange? This project had recruited 10 subjects; one of them was retired and mature-age student, two were in early 30s, and the rest were in early 20s, almost all undergraduates in third or fourth grade in an Australian University. They were distributed into pairs to have a 10-minute conversation. Each pair was unacquainted before the conversation carried on. All the communication process was tape recorded and afterwards transcribed. The content was sorted out and analyzed. The study would mainly focus on 2 points: (1) the Information Eliciting Utterances (IEU) and Information Giving Utterances (IGU), as well as (2) the politeness strategies and face-threatening acts (FTA) to illustrate the information flow in first conversations and the politeness coping of unacquainted individuals. The result shows that people always try their best to keep a polite manner in first conversations, and the exchange of general information, such as study, career, and common ground, came before personal information, such as family and intimate relationship. It also shows that context reference and relational reference are commonly applied to unacquainted individuals in first conversation. The result of the study would also provide some implication to the English conversation teachers and especially for English learners. Through the realization of native speakers’ way of communication in first conversations, some English learners’ fear and embarrassing feeling of talking to foreigners could be reduced and, instead, have a more pleasurable talking experience.
Table of Content

List of figures………………...…….………………………………………………………………..iii
Chapter
1. Introduction………………………………………………………………………………………..1
Definition of terms…………………………………………………………………………..….2
2. Literature review…………………………………………………………………………………..3
Adjacency pair…………………………………………………………………………………..6
Turn-taking technique…………………………………………………………………………...8
Preference and politeness……………………………………………………………..…….......9
Reinforcement…………………………………………………………………………………11
Set induction and closure…………………………………………………………………........12
Set induction……………………………………………………………………………...12
Closure……………………………………………………………………………………13
Accommodation theory……………………………………………………………………......13
Interpersonal communication and perception…………………………………………………16
The nature of human communication…………………………………………………….16
Limited experience factor………………………………………………………………...19
The five stages of a conversation…………………………………………………………..….20
Grice’s conversation maxims……………………………………………………………….…21
3. Research method……………………………………………………………………..…………..23
The participants……………………………………………………………………..…………23
Recording environment……………………………………………………………..…………23
The process of recording activity………………………………………………………..…….24
Transcription……………………………………………………………………………….......24
The analysis………………………………………………………………………………..…..26
4. Result of Analysis……………………………………………………………………………..….28
5. Discussion………………………………………………………………………………………..38
Greeting, self-introduction, and greeting………………………………………………………38
Being polite VS. being interested……………………………………………………………...40
The establishment of common ground……………………………………………………..….43
Information elicitation………………………………………………………………………....46
Information giving……………………………………………………………………..………49
Evaluation…………………………………………………………………………………..….52
Exemplification……………………………………..…………………………………………54
Speculation, correction, and affirmation………………..……………………………………..56
Suggestion………………………………………………….…….……………………………57
Expression of doubt…………………………………………………….……………………...58
Topic introduction/ending…………………………………………….………………………..59
6. Conclusion and limitation…………………………………………………...……………………63
References………………………………………………………………………………………......70
Appendix A: the transcripts of the conversations…………………………………………………..72
Mark and Asadeth……………………………………………………………… …… ………72
Sue and Mark……………………………………………………………………… … ……...77
Asadeth and Wes………………………………………………………………… …… ……..85
Wes and Mark…………………………………………… …………………………… … …..91
Michael and Allison……………………………………… …… ……………………… …….97
Sara and Rebecca………………………………………… ……… …………………… ...…103
Allison and Alison R…………………………………………… ……………………… …...110
Daniel and Michael…………………………………………………… …… …………… …117
Appendix B: Table 1. Comparison with the other graduate student……………………….………124
Appendix C: Table 2. The second comparison………………………………………………….....132
























List of Figures


Figure 1. Circumstances determining choice of strategy…………………………………………………….10
Figure 2. A generalized model of CAT process……………………………………………………14-1
Figure 3. Direct perspective………………………………………………………………..……….17
Figure 4. Direct perspective and metaperspective…………………………………………………..18
Figure 5. Direct perspective, metaperspective, and meta-metaperspective………………………....19
Figure 6. Part of positive politeness strategy: the common ground claiming part………...………..44
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