臺灣博碩士論文加值系統

近年來，由於高齡化社會的來臨，台灣對於高齡化的議題逐漸的興起。在食衣住行育樂等構面中，行動能力往往動輒牽扯高齡者的活動行為及生活型態。現行高齡者族群中，多數使用機車作為代步工具，但面對著日漸老化的來臨，在騎乘機車中需面對台灣交通環境及己身駕駛能力退化的威脅。
觀察台灣社會人口的老化中，大量的戰後嬰兒潮(1946-1964)的人口在未來十年終將邁入高齡人口的族群，而該族群被政府歸類為中高齡者。藉由通用設計及老化因素的考量，本研究中發現目前機車的功能對於高齡者及中高齡者帶來騎乘上的障礙，也提高了肇事之後的死亡率。
初探性研究立意是為取訪談者的第一手意見，故本研究採用描述性問卷訪談作為實驗方式，並加入交叉及群組分析進行討論。因此本問卷訪談以台中地區中高齡及高齡族群為訪談對象，由研究過程中觀察訪談高齡族群(含高齡者集中高齡者)在使用機車上可能遇到的障礙經驗，並藉由人因及老化特徵等現象中歸結出背後影響要素。
從文獻、問卷及討論中可歸結得知高齡族群在機車騎乘經驗上的不便性，並歸納為以下幾項相關要點：
1.緊張、控制車身平衡、避免夜間駕駛、及轉彎的費力為主要遭遇的障礙狀況。
2.注意力分散、視力退化、緩慢的反應時間及平衡感失調為受訪者中歸結得主要造成障礙經驗的因素。
3.年齡交叉結果並無顯著差別，但可看出中高齡者開始面對騎乘障礙的影響。
4.對於缺乏安全意識的的高齡駕駛族群，建議採取安全及省力的駕駛行為
本研究主要目的為凸顯機車對於高齡族群所引起的潛在風險，並將潛在要素具體化。此外藉由移動能力議題中，明瞭高齡族群的使用需求及行動障礙的遭遇，最後整理出相關的建議方向，能有助產學界上對於高齡者交通工具議題上重視

Mobility issues are frequently correlated with personal activities and life style, and it becomes a more critical topic for the elderly as coming of the aging society. However, Taiwan traffic environment and personal declined riding ability have threatened them while facing aging symptoms gradually.
Observing the Taiwan aging population structure, Baby Boomer(1946-1964) generation will emerging into elderly age level in the decade, which they are referred to the group of pre-elderly (preliminary elderly). However, the study indicates present scooter bring riding barrier for the elder groups (elderly and pre-elderly) through evaluations in aspect of universal design and aging symptoms.
The purpose pilot study is to obtain the interviewee’s opinions in first hand. Therefore, descriptive questionnaire survey is held by random sampling elderly and pre-elderly (50-64) in Taichung urban area. Distribution, cross and cluster analysis are applied into the questionnaire result to acquire the attributes cause elder groups riding barrier experiences
From previous literature review, survey results and discussion, the findings of the study are concluded as following four points: (1) Nervous, control vehicle balance, avoid night riding, and waste efforts on turning are main four scooter riding obstacles that the elder group meets in their scooter riding experiences; (2) Inattention, vision degrading, slower reaction time, and sense of balance disorder is the major attributes that happen with high frequency among obstacle experiences; (3) Age level cross analysis shows no widely differences on riding barriers. But the results indicates pre-elderly has riding obstacles gradually; (4) Safety and saving efforts riding behaviors are suggested for the elder groups who lack of safety conscious.
The aim of the study is not only to reveal the potential hazard of elderly scooter riding, but also to summarize the effecting attributes concretely. Finally the author promotes mobility suggestions to clarify mobility barriers that the elder groups might facing and contribute for further elderly transportation issues.

Abstract I
中文摘要 II
誌 謝 III
Contents IV
List of Tables VII
List of Figures IX
Chapter1. Introduction 1
1.1 Background and motivation 1
1.2 Research subjects 2
1.3 Research objective 2
1.4 Research Contribution 3
1.5 Methodology 3
1.5.1 Research structure 3
1.5.2 Research procedure 4
1.6 Limitation of Dissertation 5
Chapter2. Literature Review 6
2.1 Review change of the elderly society 6
2.2 Background of Taiwan pre-elderly 8
2.3 Review of scooter development with the elder groups 10
2.3.1 Mobility effects on the elder groups 10
2.3.2 Definition of scooter 11
2.3.3 Scooter development in Taiwan with the elderly 12
2.4 Review of scooter fatalities tendency by year 14
2.4.1 Scooter accident analysis with the elderly 14
2.4.2 Feature of scooter accident involved with the elderly 17
2.5 Driving Abilities Limits on Elder Drivers 19
2.5.1 Visual and hearing abilities 19
2.5.2 Reaction 20
2.5.3 Cognition 22
2.6 Elderly scooter rider riding behaviors 24
2.7 Evaluating the scooter position with the elderly 26
2.7.1 Universal design 27
2.7.2 Evaluate by universal design 30
2.8 Chapter Summary 33
Chapter3. Methodology 35
3.1 Questionnaires method 35
3.2 Questionnaire process 35
3.3 Questionnaire structure 37
3.4 Implement of the questionnaire survey 37
3.4.1 Population and spot interview 37
3.4.2 Timeline execute questionnaire 38
Chapter4. Review of Questionnaire Results 39
4.1 Population characteristics 39
4.1.1 Basic information of subject 40
4.1.2 Motivation purchasing scooter and usage for scooter 41
4.1.3 Riding characteristics per day and per week 42
4.2 Experiences of riding scooter barrier 45
4.3 Self-assessment and attitudes with scooter 54
4.3.1 Traffic safety awareness self-assessment 54
4.3.2 Attitudes to replace scooter in the future 59
4.4 Cross analysis 60
4.4.1 Cross analysis base by gender 60
4.4.2 Cross analysis base by age level 64
4.5 Cluster Analysis 67
4.6 Chapter Summary 69
4.6.1 Results of questionnaire survey 69
4.6.2 Results comparison with literature 70
Chapter5. Conclusions 71
5.1 Discussion 71
5.2 Suggestion 73
5.2 Suggestions for future studies 77
References 79
Appendix 1 84
【 高齡化對騎乘機車行為的影響 】 85

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