臺灣博碩士論文加值系統

土雞由於國人偏愛的飲食風味及煮食習慣，在畜牧產業中一直佔有一定的市場。因此了解土雞生長生理是一需關注的課題，以便維持現有的優點，使之持續受到消費者青睞。中興大學據共同源祖選育具不同表現性狀的土雞，其中B品系相較L2品系具有較佳的生長性能。本試驗首先選用這兩種品系16週齡土雞為材料，探討生長與脂質代謝之關係。在公雞部份，藉由偵測比較相關基因mRNA表現發現，B比L2品系在肝臟具有較高的脂質合成作用，在腿部肌肉亦有較高的脂肪酸吸收能力。然而在脂肪組織，L2比B品系具有較高的細胞分化以及解脂能力。在母雞部分，與公雞不同的是L2品系在肝臟脂質合成顯示較B品系高。另外取同樣由中興大學飼養的保種雞中，生長性能差異最大的石歧與金門雞，比較其脂質代謝之差異。石歧雞不僅較重，亦有較多的腹脂，同時在肝臟脂質合成活動、脂肪組織中細胞分化與解脂作用、以及腿肌脂肪酸吸收能力都較金門雞高。這些結果指出雞隻生長性狀與其在肝臟、肌肉或脂肪組織脂質代謝方式有關。

Country chicken has a significant market share in the poultry industry in Taiwan. Therefore, it is important to understand the growth and physiology of country chicken to help maintain its superior characteristics and market share. Two lines, namely B and L2, were derived from selection of country chicken displaying different phenotypes from a common seed stock by a team at Chunghsin University. B line is of better growth performance than L2 line. In this study, 16 week-old chickens of the two lines were used to investigate whether any correlation exists between growth and fat metabolism. For roosters, analysis of mRNA expression showed that genes involved in lipogenesis and genes involved in fatty acid uptake were expressed at higher levels in liver and leg muscles, respectively, of the B than L2 line. However, higher cell differentiation and lipolysis were found in adipose tissue of the L2 than B line. For hens, in contrary to what was observed in roosters, genes involved in lipogenesis were expressed at higher levels in liver of the L2 than B line. In addition, fat metabolism of Shek-ki and Quemoy, two native chickens raised at Chunghsin University that showed the widest gap in growth performance, was compared. Shek-ki outperforms Quemoy in weight, amounts of abdominal fat, lipogenesis activity, cell differentiation and lipolysis in fat tissue, fatty acid uptake in leg muscles. All together, the results indicated that growth phenotype of chicken is correlated to fat metabolism in liver, muscle or adipose tissue.

表次 3
圖次 4
壹、摘要 6
貳、前言 7
参、文獻回顧 9
一、台灣養雞產業概況 9
二、能量與脂質代謝 11
(一)脂質來源 11
（二）肝臟脂質合成 12
1）Fatty acid synthase（FAS） 13
2）Stearoyl-CoA desaturase （SCD） 15
3）Sterol regulatory element binding proteins（SREBPs） 17
（三）脂質運輸 19
三、脂質的蓄積 21
（一）脂肪細胞數目的增加（Hyperplasia） 21
（二）脂肪細胞體積的增大（Hypertrophy） 24
1）三酸甘油酯的合成 24
2）解脂作用（Lipolysis） 26
（三）脂肪細胞激素（Adipokines） 29
肆、材料與方法 33
一、實驗材料： 33
二、總核醣核酸（total ribonucleic acid, total RNA）之萃取 33
三、反轉錄（Reverse Transcription） 34
四、即時聚合酶連鎖反應（real-time quantitative PCR） 34
五、肌肉組織冷凍切片及oil-red O染色 37
六、統計分析 37
伍、結果與討論 38
試驗一、台灣土雞之生長與脂質代謝 38
一、台灣土雞品系間各項重量之差異 38
二、台灣土雞公雞之生長與脂質代謝 38
（一）B與L2公雞品系間肝臟脂質代謝之比較 38
（二）、B與L2公雞品系間脂肪組織脂質代謝之比較 39
（三）、B與L2公雞品系間肌肉脂質代謝之比較 41
三、台灣土雞母雞之生長與脂質代謝 42
（一） B與L2母雞品系間肝臟脂質代謝之表現 42
（二）、B與L2母雞品系間脂肪組織基因之比較 42
（三）、B與L2母雞品系間肌肉脂質代謝之比較 43
試驗二、保種雞之生長與脂質代謝 45
一、保種雞品系間各項重量之差異 45
二、保種雞品系間肝臟脂質代謝之表現 45
三、保種雞品系間脂肪組織脂質代謝之比較 45
四、保種雞品系間肌肉脂質代謝之比較 46
陸、結論 59
柒、參考文獻 60
捌、英文摘要 71

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