臺灣博碩士論文加值系統

本研究旨在探討在職進修學生角色壓力與組織承諾之關係，以及人口統計變項對在職進修學生角色壓力與組織承諾之干擾效果。
本研究以問卷調查法為主，調查對象以台灣北區某科技大學進修部二技與四技在職學生為取樣範圍，回收有效問卷416份，以因素分析、信度分析、敘述性統計分析、皮爾森相關分析、簡單迴歸分析等方法進行統計分析。研究之主要發現摘要如下：（1）在職進修學生的角色壓力（角色模糊、角色衝突）對組織承諾具有負向影響；（2）在職進修學生的角色壓力對組織承諾之影響程度會隨著性別的不同而有顯著差異，男性的角色壓力對組織承諾之影響程度顯著高於女性；（3）在職進修學生的角色壓力對組織承諾之影響程度會隨著婚姻狀況的不同而有顯著差異，已婚者的角色壓力對組織承諾之影響程度顯著高於單身者；（4）在職進修學生的角色壓力對組織承諾之影響程度會隨著家庭狀況的不同而有顯著差異，有子女者的角色壓力對組織承諾之影響程度高於無子女者；（5）在職進修學生的角色壓力對組織承諾之影響程度會隨著年齡的不同而有差異，三十歲以下者的角色壓力對組織承諾之負向影響程度達顯著水準，而五十歲以上者的角色壓力對組織承諾之影響程度呈正向，明顯與其他年齡層不同；（6）在職進修學生的角色壓力對組織承諾之影響程度會隨著現職年資的不同而有顯著差異，現職年資較淺者的角色壓力對組織承諾之影響程度較強。
本研究冀望能夠提供組織管理當局些許攸關降低在職進修學生所面臨之角色壓力，增加在職進修學生對組織的認同與涉入，提高在職進修學生對組織的承諾等之具體建議。

The present study aims to investigate the relationship between role stress and organizational commitment, and the moderating effect of demographic variables. The research purposes are (1) to examine the inter-relationship between role stress and organizational commitment of further- education- program students; (2) to explore whether or not the personal characteristics moderates the relationship between role stress and organizational commitment.
Questionnaire was the mainly research method. The samples were recruited from 500 further-education-program students of the Division of Continuing Education at a technological university in north Taiwan. In total, 448 questionnaires were distributed to conveniently sampled subjects. Of them 416 were found usable, resulting in a response rate of 83.2%. Descriptive statistics, reliability test, Pearson correlation analysis, simple regression analysis were used to conduct statistics analyzing. The major findings of this study are summarized as follows:
1. The higher the role stress of further-education-program students, the lower the organization commitment.
2. Gender differences significantly moderate the relationship between role stress and organizational commitment of further- education- program students. The male exerts a stronger influence than the female does.
3. Marriage status differences significantly moderate the relationship between role stress and organizational commitment of further- education- program students. The married group exerts a stronger influence than the single group does.
4. Family situation differences significantly moderate the relationship between role stress and organizational commitment of further- education- program students. And the group with children exerts a stronger influence than the group without children does.
5. Age differences moderate the relationship between role stress and organizational commitment of further-education-program students. Nevertheless, only those under 30 years old have a significant negative influence; by contrast, the over-50-year-old group exerts a positive influence. This finding remarkably differs from the results of the previous research.
6. Tenure differences significantly moderate the relationship between role stress and organizational commitment of further-education-program students. The shorter the job tenure at the present position, the stronger the negative effect.
This study hopes that it can provide managerial practitioners and academicians with concrete suggestions on how to lower the role stress that further-education-program students will encounter on the job while attempting to promote their organizational commitment.

第一章 緒論1
研究背景與動機1
研究目的3
研究流程4
第二章 文獻探討5
角色壓力5
組織承諾12
角色壓力與組織承諾19
第三章 研究方法21
研究架構21
操作性定義 22
研究假設23
問卷設計與衡量25
研究對象26
資料分析方法27
第四章 資料分析與討論 28
一般分析28
因素分析29
信度與效度 31
敘述統計32
相關分析34
簡單迴歸分析35
假定之檢定結果40
第五章 結論與建議41
結論41
管理意涵42
建議42
研究限制44
未來研究建議44
參考文獻45
中文問卷55
個人簡歷57

一、中文部分
王淑霞（2003），「組織政治知覺、組織氣侯、角色壓力、組織承諾與工作績效關聯性之研究－以嘉義縣稅捐稽徵處為例」，南華大學管理科學研究所碩士論文。

李麗素（2004），「桃園縣國民中小學人事人員角色壓力與組織承諾之研究」，國立台北師範學院教育政策與管理研究所碩士論文。

陳筱明（2002），「臨床護理教師的角色，角色壓力，社會支持與組織承諾」，國立中山大學人力資源管理研究所碩士論文。

黃義良（1998），「國小兼任行政工作教師的工作壓力與調適方式之研究」，國立屏東師範學院國民教育研究所碩士論文。

趙秀真（2002），「公立大專校院會計單位組織文化、角色壓力與組織承諾關係之研究」，彰化師範大學商業教育學系在職進修專班碩士論文。


二、英文部分
Allen, N. J. and J. P. Meyer. “The Measurement and Antecedents of Affective, Continuance and Normative Commitment to the Organization.” Journal of Occupational Psychology 63 (1990): 1-18.

Angle, H. L. and J. L. Perry. “An Empirical Assessment of Organizational Commitment and Organizational Effectiveness.” Administrative Science Quarterly 26 (1981):1-14.

Apps, J. W. Higher Education in a Learning Society. San Francisco: Jossey-Bass, 1988.

Becker, H. S. “Notes on the Concept of Commitment.” The American Journal of Sociology 66 (1960): 32-40.

Beehr, T. A. and J. E. Newman. “Job Stress, Employee Health, and Organizational Effectiveness: A Facet Analysis, Model, and Literature Review.” Personnel Psychology 31 (1978): 665-699.

Berelson, B. The Behavioral Sciences Today. New York: Harper & Row, 1963.

Biddle, B. J. Role Theory: Expectations, Identities, and Behaviors. N. Y.: Academic Press, 1979.

Boles, J. S., M. W. Johnston and J. F. Hair, Jr.. “Role Stress, Work-Family Conflict and Emotional Exhaustion: Inter-Relationships and Effects on Some Work-Related Consequences.” Journal of Personal Selling & Sales Management 17 (1997): 17-28.

Buchanan II, B. “Building Organizational Commitment: The Socialization of Managers in Work Organizations.” Administrative Science Quarterly 19 (1974):533-546.

Chusmir, L. H. “Job Commitment and the Organizational Woman.” Academy of Management Review 7 (1982): 595-602.

Curry, J. P., D. S. Wakefield, J. L. Price and C.W. Mueller. “On the Causal Ordering of Job Satisfaction and Organizational Commitment.” Academy of Management Journal 29 (1986): 847-858.

Ferris, K. R. and Aranya N. “A Comparison of Two Organizational Commitment Scales.” Personnel Psychology 36 (1983):87-99.

Florkowski, G. W. and M. H. Schuster. “Support for Profit Sharing and Organizational Commitment: A Path Analysis.” Human Relations 45 (1992): 507-523.

Garcia, E. R. “Organizational Commitment: Integration of the Individual and the Organization Perspectives.” Dissertation Abstracts International 49, 12A (1988).

Glisson, C. and M. Durick. “Predictors of Job Satisfaction and Organizational 　　　　　　 Commitment in Human Service Organizations.” Administrative Science Quarterly 33 (1988): 61-81.

Greenberg, G. and R. A. Baron. Behavior in Organization. Englewood Clifts, N. J.: Prentice-Hall, 1997.

Grusky, O. “Career Mobility and Organizational Commitment.” Administrative Science Quarterly 10 (1966): 488-503.

Hardy, M. E. and M. E. Conway. Role Theory: Perspectives for Health Professionals. N. Y.: Appleton Century Crofts, 1978.

Hardy, M. E. and W. L. Hardy. Role Stress and Role Strain. In M. E. Hardy, & M. E. Conway (Eds.), Role Theory: Perspectives for Health Professionals 2nd (1988)159-239, San Mateo, California: Appleton & Lange.

Hodge, B. J., W. P. Anthony and L. M. Gales. Organization Theory: A Strategic Approach, 5th ed. N.J.: Prentice-Hall, 1996.

House, R. J. and J. R. Rizzo. “Role Conflict and Ambiguity as Critical Variable in a Model of Organizational Behavior.” Organizational Behavior and Human performance 7 (1972) : 467-505.

Hrebiniak, L. G. and J. A. Alutto. “Personal and Role-Related Factors in the Development of Organizational Commitment.” Administrative Science Quarterly 17 (1972): 555-573.

Hulin, C. and P. Smith. “Sex Difference in Job Satisfaction.” Journal of Applied Psychology 48 (1964): 88-92.

Johnston, M. W., A. Parasuraman, C. M. Futrell, and W. C. Black. “A Longitudinal Assessment of Selected Organizational Influences on Salespeople’s Organizational Commitment During Early Employment.” Journal of Marketing Research 27 (1990): 333-344.

Jones, M. L. “Role Conflict: Cause of Burnout or Energizer?.” Social Work, 38 (1993): 136-141.

Kahn, R. L., D. M. Wolfe, R. P. Quinn, J. D. Snoek and R. A. Rosenthal. Organizational Stress: Study in Role Conflict and Role Ambiguity. N. Y.: John Wiley & Sons, 1964.

Kanter, R. M. “Commitment and Social Organization: A Study of Commitment Mechanisms in Utopian Communities.” American Sociological Review 33 (1968): 499-517.

Katz, D. and R. L. Kahn. The Social Psychology of Organizations, 2nd ed. N. Y.: John Wiley & Sons, 1978.

Lambert, V. A. and Lambert, C. E. “Literature Review of Role Stress/Strain on Nurses: An International Perspective,” Nursing and Health Sciences 3, (2001): 161-72.

Lawler, E. E. Pay and Organizational Effectiveness: A Psychological View. N.Y.: McGraw-Hill, 1971.

Mayer, R.C. and F. D. Schoorman. “Differentiating Antecedents of Organizational Commitment: A Test of March and Simon's Model.” Journal of Organizational Behavior (1998): 15-28.


Michaels, R. E., W. L. Cron, A. J. Dubinsky and E. A. Joachimsthaler. “Influence of Formalization on the Organizational Commitment and Work Alienation of Salespeople and Industrial Buyers.” Journal of Marketing Research 25 (1988): 376-383.

Moon, M. J. “Organizational Commitment Revisited in New Public Management: Motivation, Organizational Culture, Sector, and Managerial Level.” Public Performance & Management Review 24 (2000): 177-194.

Morris, J. H. and J. D. Sherman. “Generalizability of an Organizational Commitment Model.” Academy of Management Journal 24 (1981): 512-526.

Morrow, P. C. “Concept Redundancy in Organizational Research: The Case of Work Commitment.” Academy of Management Review 8 (1983): 486-500.

Morse, N. Satisfaction in the White-Collar Job, University of Michigan, Institute for Social Research Center, 1953.

Mowday, R. T., L. W. Porter and R. M. Steers. Employee-Organization Linkages: The Psychology of Commitment, Absenteeism, and Turnover. N. Y.: Academic Press, 1982.

Murphy, C. A., S. V. Owen and R. K. Gable. “Causes and Consequences of Role Stress among Higher Education Administrators.” Paper Presented at the Annual Meeting of the American Educational Research Association, New Orleans, L. A. (1988).

Nunnally, J. C. Psychometric Theory. N. Y.: Mc Graw-Hill, 1978.

Pavelky, J. “Role Conflict and Role Ambiguity in Camp Staff.” Camping Magazine, 64 (1991): 2-21.

Peterson, M. F., P. B. Smith, A. Akande, S. Ayestaran, S. Bochner, V. Callan, N. G. Cho, J. C. Jesuino, M. D’amorim, P. Francois, K. Hofmann, P. L. Koopman, K. Leung, T. K. Lim, S. Mortazavi, J. Munene, M. Radford, A. Ropo, G. Savage, B. Setiadi, T. N. Sinha, R. Sorenson and C. Viedge. “Role Conflict, Ambiguity, and Overload: A 21-Nation Study.” Academy of Management Journal (1995): 429-452.

Porter, L.W., R. M. Steers, R. T. Mowday and P. V. Boulian. “Organizational Commitment, Job Satisfaction and Turnover among Psychiatric Technicians.” Journal of Applied Psychology 59 (1974): 603-609.

Quinn, R. F. “The Relationship of Commitment on the Part of Lay Catholic Elementary School Principals in the United States to Selected Personal Variables.” Dissertation Abstracts International, 46, 05A, 1985.

Randall, D. M. “Commitment and the Organization: The Organization Man Revisited.” Academy of Management Review 12, no.3 (1987): 460-471.

Reichers, A. E. “A Review and Reconceptualization of Organizational Commitment.” Academy of Management Review 10 (1985): 465-476.


Rizzo, J. R., R. J. House and S. I. Lirtzman. “Role Conflict and Ambiguity in Complex Organizations.” Administrative Science Quarterly 15 (1970): 150-163.

Robbins, Stephen P. Organizational Behavior, 10th ed. Upper Saddle River, N. J.: Prentice Hall, 2003.

Schaubroeck, J., J. L. Cotton and K. R. Jennings. “Antecedents and Consequences of Role Stress: a Covariance Structure Analysis: Summary.” Journal of Organizational Behavior 10 (1989): 35-58.

Schuler, R. S. “Definition and Conceptualization of Stress in Organizations.” Organizational Behavior and Human Performance 25 (1980): 184-215.

Schwab, R. L. “An Analysis of the Relationship Between Role Conflict, Role Ambiguity, Personal Variables, and Perceived Burn out among Teachers.” Unpublished Doctoral Dissertation, University of Connecticut, 1980.

Sheldon, M. E. “Investments and Involvements as Mechanisms Producing Commitment to the Organization.” Administrative Science Quarterly 16 (1971): 143-150.

Singh, J. and G. K. Rhoads. “Boundary Role Ambiguity in Marketing-Oriented Positions: A Multidimensional, Multifaceted Operationalization.” Journal of Marketing Research 28 (1991): 328-338.

Singh, J. “Tackling Measurement Problems with Item Response Theory: Principles, Characteristics, and Assessment, with an Illustrative Example.” Journal of Business Research 57 (2004): 184-208.

Staw, B. M. and G. R. Salancik. New Directions in Organizational Behavior. Chicago: St. Clair, 1977.

Stebbins, S. J. “The Influence of Community Service Volunteer Work on Perceptions of Job Satisfaction and Organizational Commitment among Oregon Employees of Pacific Northwest Bell.” Dissertation Abstracts International 50, 06A (1989).

Steers, R. M. “Antecedents and Outcomes of Organizational Commitment.” Administrative Science Quarterly 22 (1977): 46-56.

Sumrall, D. A. and R. Sebastianelli. “The Moderating Effect of Managerial Sales Orientations on Salespersons' Role Stress-Job Satisfaction Relationships.” Journal of Marketing Theory and Practice 7 (1999): 72-79.

Vancouver, J. B., R. E. Milisap and P. A. Peters. “Multilevel Analysis of Organizational Goal Congruence.” Journal of Applied Psychology 79 (1994): 666-679.

Welsch, H. P. and H. Lavan. “Inter-Relationships Between Organizational Commitment and Job Characteristics, Job Satisfaction, Professional Behavior, and Organizational Climate.” Human Relations 34 (1981): 1079-1089.

Williams, L. J. and S. E. Anderson. “Job Satisfaction and Organizational Commitment as Predictors of Organizational Citizenship and In-Role Behaviors.” Journal of Management 17 (1991): 601-617.

Whyte, Jr., W. H. The Organization Man. N. Y.: Simon & Schuster, a Doubleday Anchor Book, 1956.

三、網站部分
http://www.edu.tw/EDU_WEB/EDU_MGT/STATISTICS/EDU7220001/service/sts4-2.htm?TYPE=1&UNITID=95&CATEGORYID=0&FILEID=87615，教育統計資料庫。