臺灣博碩士論文加值系統

新創事業是國家經濟的活水，係保持經濟成長、創造就業機會、社會安定及提升產業競爭的原動力，而創業精神正是這股活水的源頭。本研究依循著數據學派的研究，認係外在經濟環境的變遷，以激發創業精神的發揮，意即，由於總體經濟因素的變動，導致創業精神被激發，並引發新創立企業的後續活動。
本研究採用SPSS套裝統計軟體為時間序列分析工具，以台灣近十年(1996~2005)之經濟指標數據為探討，以新創設中小企業家數代表創業精神，並從職業選擇理論、供給面驅動因子與需求面驅動因子等面向，探討總體經濟指標與創業精神間之關聯性，及發現影響之關鍵參數與係數。另外，本研究也以2000年台灣執政政黨改變為干擾變數，探究是否存在著結構性改變，創業精神是否因政治變動而受影響。
本研究實證結果發現：國民所得、失業人口、儲蓄總額、政府稅收總額及政府消費支出等因素，與創業精神之發揮具有顯著正向關係。對於銀行放款總額與人口總數則呈現負向關係；而政治變動對於創業精神則未有顯著影響。
本研究結論：一、「職業選擇理論(Occupation Choice)」獲得具體驗證，創業精神受到外在環境經濟因素影響，基於本身主動或被迫的追求更好預期報酬的選擇。二、「財務融資的可及性（Financial Availability）」為創業精神的驅動因子，獲得具體驗證，銀行放款總額與創業精神有顯著負向相關，顯示台灣銀行體系融資機制仍處於開發中國家的水準，尚有相當改善的空間。三、「政府財政收支政策（Fiscal Capacity）」為創業精神的驅動因子，政府財政收支政策的透明度高，社會安全制度越完善者，則創業比率越高。四、「人口結構老化」為創業精神發揮的一大隱憂。五、政治變動並未影響台灣創業精神的發揮。

Newly-Established Enterprises is the driving force of a national economy. It is an agent to keep an economy growing, create employment, maintain stability in the society, and increase industry competitiveness. And the root of this driving force is entrepreneurship. This study follows the idea of Rate School which thinks the external economic environment changes inspire entrepreneurship. That means when macroeconomic factors change, entrepreneurship spirit is inspired and then the activities of Newly-Established Enterprises is triggered.
This study uses SPSS statistics software as its time series analysis tool and analyzes Taiwan’s economic indicators from recent ten years (1996~2005). The study uses the number of Newly-Established Enterprises to symbolize entrepreneurship and look at the aspects of Occupation Choice, Supply side and Demand side driving factors. It also discusses the relationship between macroeconomic indicators and entrepreneurship and discovers the key influencing parameters and coefficients. Furthermore, the study treats the governing party change in 2000 as a confounding variable to see whether there is any structural changes and whether entrepreneurship is affected by political changes.
The research finds that National Income, Unemployment population, Savings number, Government tax income and Government expenditure has positive relationship with entrepreneur spirits. However, Bank Loan/Credit and total population numbers have negative effect on entrepreneurship; however, political changes have no obvious effect on entrepreneurship.
Conclusions of this study: I.“Occupation Choice theory” has gained concrete proof and entrepreneurship is influenced by external economic environment factors, and entrepreneurship is based on choice of searching for better expected return either positively or passively. II.“Financial Availability” as a driving factor of entrepreneurship has also been concretely proved. The negative relationship between Bank Loan/Credit and entrepreneurship symbolize that the financial mechanism with Taiwan’s Banking infrastructure is still on the level of developing countries and has substantial room for improvement. III.“Fiscal Capacity”is also a driving factor of entrepreneurship. The higher the visibility of governmental income and spending policy and better social security system, the higher the Newly-Established Enterprises ratio. IV.“Aging population structure”is a hidden worry to entrepreneurship and could have adverse effect in the future. V. Political changes do not affect Taiwan’s entrepreneurial spirits.

目 錄
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT i
ABSTRACT ii
中文摘要 iv
表目錄 viii
圖目錄 ix
第一章 緒 論 1
研究背景與動機 1
研究目的 8
論文結構 8
第二章 文獻探討 10
何謂創業精神 10
何謂創業家 13
創業精神的動機 14
創業精神、新創公司與經濟成長 19
創業精神的驅動因子 20
台灣中小企業之定義 23
第三章 研究方法 25
研究架構 25
研究假說 26
統計分析方法 29
研究流程圖 33
研究變數的定義與衡量 34
第四章 資料分析與實證結果 36
資料分析 36
研究假說之檢驗 46
第五章 結 論 47
管理意涵與建議 49
研究限制 51
後續研究方向 52
參考文獻 53
表目錄
表1-1台灣中小企業家數統計表 2
表1-2台灣中小企業銷售額統計表 3
表1-3台灣中小企業內銷額統計表 3
表1-4台灣中小企業出口額統計表 3
表1-5台灣大型企業與中小型企業之生產力比較表 5
表2-1創業精神特質學派與數據學派之差異比較表 16
表2-2特質學派研究彙集 17
表2-3創業精神經濟學論文彙集 18
表2-4創業精神驅動因子研究彙集 23
表2-5台灣中小企業之定義 24
表3-1研究變數說明 34
表4-1各變數敘述性統計 36
表4-2線性迴歸模式摘要 37
表4-3 ANOVA變異數分析表 38
表4-4線性迴歸係數摘要表 39
表4-5自我相關之BOX–LJUNG檢定摘要表 41
表4-6檢定模式比較表 42
表4-7模式一的最終參數值表 42
表4-8變異數分析表 43
表4-9迴歸係數摘要表 43
表4-10樣本群體統計量 45
表4-11政治變動獨立樣本T檢定 45
表4-12研究假說之驗證結果表 46
表5-1台灣創業精神的驅動因子表 49
圖目錄
圖1-1歷年中小企業銷售額占全體企業之比例折線圖 4
圖3-1研究架構圖 25
圖3-2研究流程圖 33
圖4-1自我相關圖ACF 40
圖4-2自我相關圖ACF 44

TABLE OF CONTENTS
LIST OF FIGURES iii
LIST OF TABLES iii
1. INTRODUCTION 1
1.1 Research Background and Motivation 1
1.2 Research Objectives 2
1.3 Thesis Structure 3
2. LITERATURE REVIEW 5
2.1 What is Entrepreneurship? 5
2.2 What is an “Entrepreneur”? 8
2.3 Motivation behind Entrepreneurship 9
2.4 Entrepreneurship, Newly-established enterprises and Economy Growth 11
2.5 The Driving Factors of Entrepreneurship 12
2.6 The definition of Taiwan’s SMEs 16
3. RESEARCH METHOD 17
3.1 Research Structure 17
3.2 Research Hypothesis 18
3.3 Statistical Analysis Method 22
3.4 Research Flow Chart 26
3.5 Research Variables Definition and Measurement 27
4. DATA ANALYSIS AND RESEARCH RESULTS 30
4.1 Data Analysis 30
4.2 Examination of Research Hypothesis 41
5. CONCLUSIONS AND SUGGESTIONS 43
5.1 Conclusions 43
5.2 Meanings to Management and Suggestions 46
5.3 Research Limitations 49
5.4 Further Research Directions 49
REFERENCE 51

LIST OF FIGURES
Fig 3-1 Research Structure 18
Fig. 3-2 Research Flow Chart 26
Fig. 4-1 Autocorrelation Graph (ACF) 34
Fig. 4-2 Autocorrelation Graph (ACF) 39

LIST OF TABLES
Table 2-1 Comparison Table for differences between Trait and Rate Schools 10
Table 2-2 Variable Collection of Entrepreneurship Driving Factors Studies 15
Table 3- 1 Description of Research Variables 27
Table 4-1 Variables descriptive Statistics 30
Table 4-2 Linear Regression Model 31
Table 4-3 ANOVA Variance Analysis Table 32
Table 4-4 Brief Linear Regression Coefficient Table 33
Table 4-5 Autocorrelation’s Box–Ljung Test Table 35
Table 4-6 Testing Model Comparison Table 36
Table 4-7 Model One Final Parameters Table 37
Table 4-8 Variance Analysis Table 37
Table 4-9 Regression Coefficient Table 37
Table 4-10 Sample Group Statistic 40
Table 4-11 Political Change Independent Sample t test 41
Table 4-12 Research Hypothesis Examination Result Table 41
Table 5-1 The Driving factors for Taiwan’s Entrepreneurship 46

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