臺灣博碩士論文加值系統

本論文依熱力學理論分析汽電共生廠之抽汽冷凝式蒸汽渦輪發電機機組特性，一般I/O Curve關係式將抽汽段溫度、壓力固定，而忽略各個抽汽段單位熱焓值變化；本文考慮非等熵效應時汽輪機於不同運轉點造成溫度、壓力改變而影響單位熱焓值變動，並探討與機組出力的關係，因此找出符合實際情況的I/O Curve。再以〝實數修正基因遺傳演算法〞(Real-Code Modified Genetic Algorithms)求解汽電廠最佳化調度策略。求解最佳化運轉問題時，必須納入機組運轉限制條件，滿足蒸汽及廠內用電需求後，再按時間電價不同，調整機組出力以獲得汽電廠最大售電利潤，因此可求得各不同時段不同運轉狀況下最佳化調度成本。此外，本文也考慮備用電力及評估燃油價格變動時對JP-2停機效益，將JP-2停機仍要求維持電力與蒸汽需求，由此可看出目前廠內運轉可靠性與是否有最大利潤。
以實數修正基因遺傳演算法求解最佳化，除了可以避免傳統求解最佳化問題必須考慮可微分性、連續性，而且較容易解決相關限制式，採實數修正法可免除二進位反覆編碼、解碼的動作，因此能加強搜尋最佳解的能力及速度。本文以一個汽電共生廠為實例，將模擬結果與原始資料比較，驗證所提方法確實可行。

The main purpose of this thesis is to find the optimal operation strategy for cogeneration system with extraction condensing turbines by applying Real-Code Modified Genetic algorithms (RMGA). The characterization of steam turbine is base on thermodynamic theory. In order to approach the actual I/O curve, the relationship between enthalpy difference and power output in the non-isentropic situation is considered. The primary requirement of the strategy is to meet process steam demand and electric load. Then, the optimal load allocation for boilers and generators under considering the time-of-use (TOU) rates is adjusted to reduce production cost and save energy. Besides, the fluctuantion of oil price is also considered to discuss the shutdown unit, JP-2, for the maximum profits.
To solve the optimal operation strategy with Real-Code Modified Genetic algorithms (RMGA) can avoid the differential and continuity problems; meanwhile it is easy to solve operation constraints. Modifying Real code can neglect, encode and decode repeatedly; therefore search speed is much rapider than the ordinary method. Finally, the simulation results of many different situations have been compared with the operation record. It is fount out that the algorithm does work, and the cited sample systems do have space to get extra profit. In addition, the fuel price and TOU rates play and important role in optimum operation of a cogeneration plant.

目 錄
Page
中文摘要 I
英文摘要 II
誌謝 III
目錄 IV
圖索引 VII
表索引 IX

第一章 緒論1
1.1研究背景與動機 1
1.2相關研究概況 4
1.3研究方法 11
1.4論文架構 13

第二章 系統介紹與I/O Curve分析 14
2.1簡介 14
2.2研究系統 15
2.3蒸汽渦輪發電機與鍋爐I/O Curve分析 19
2.3.1鍋爐I/O Curve分析 19
2.3.2蒸汽渦輪發電機I/O Curve分析 20

第三章 焓-熵值與發電量分析 29
3.1熱力學簡介 29
3.1.1 溫度 30
3.1.2 壓力 30
3.1.3 比容 30
3.1.4 乾度 31
3.1.5 動能與位能 31
3.1.6 汽-液-固之相變化 31
3.1.7 熱力學第一定律 33
3.1.8 熱力學第二定律 34
3.1.9 熵(Entropy) 35
3.1.10焓(Enthalpy) 36
3.1.11不可逆過程(irreversible) 37
3.2理想郎肯循環 38
3.3實際循環過程 41
3.4蒸汽渦輪發電機出力 45
3.4.1 UMIST Willan’s Line 46
3.4.2等熵過程與實際過程 54
3.4.3背壓式蒸汽渦輪發電機 55
3.4.4抽汽冷凝式蒸汽渦輪發電機 56

第四章 系統分析與數學模型 59
4.1簡介 59
4.2最佳化調度限制式 59
4.3最佳化調度目標函數 67

第五章 實數修正遺傳演算法 71
5.1 簡介 71
5.2實數修正基因遺傳演算法原理 71
5.2.1實數修正基因遺傳演算法運算子 72
5.2.2實數修正基因遺傳演算法參數設定 74
5.3實數修正基因遺傳演算法應用 77

第六章 案例模擬與分析 85
6.1簡介 85
6.2案例分析 90
案例一 比較一般I/O Curve與本文I/O Curve 90
案例二 考慮非等熵變化情況之I/O Curve最佳調度模擬 97
案例三 假設燃油價格變動對JP-2停機效益之運轉調度 109

第七章 結論與建議 119

附錄A. UMIST Willan，s line公式推導 122
附錄B. 機組抽汽段於各時段之焓(Enthalpy)值 126

參考文獻 129

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