臺灣博碩士論文加值系統

由於網路與電視媒體的發達使得現代人不再是『日出而做，日落而息』的生活形態，熬夜、晚睡與睡眠不足的情況越來越常見。然而研究指出：睡眠剝奪效果對前額葉的執行弁遄]executive function）有負面影響。先前研究發現睡眠剝奪效果弱化執行弁鄐云瑪欞~監控系統(error monitoring system)。近期研究使用字母版的旁側夾擊作業(flanker task)發現，睡眠剝奪效果選擇性地影響錯誤矯正歷程，即僅有刺激不一致類型的矯正率顯著降低。本研究使用不同版本的旁側夾擊作業進一步探討：整夜睡眠剝奪對錯誤矯正歷程的影響。透過行為與事件相關電生理(ERP)結果，如：錯誤關聯負波(ERN)、錯誤正波(Pe)、矯正關聯負波（CoRN），以及五種不同腦波頻率（δ,θ,?Σ,β）的變化，進一步釐清睡眠剝奪與不同作業性質或刺激種類等因素的關聯性。共13位受試者(5位女性、8位男性中正大學學生，年齡介於18~23歲)分別在正常睡眠及整夜睡眠剝奪後，進行箭頭版的旁側夾擊作業，並被要求在發現錯誤後立即做矯正，且同時接受腦波記錄。實驗結果發現：在控制反應錯誤率的情況下，睡眠剝奪效果明顯反映在整體表現變差，包含：反應正確率與錯誤矯正率降低（不因刺激類型而有差異），忽略率與整體反應時間增加。ERP結果顯示：睡眠剝奪後，ERN振幅有下降的趨勢，而Pe振幅顯著下降。兩種睡眠情況下，我們均發現錯後行為調整現象（錯誤後反應正確率提高）。綜上所述，睡眠剝奪效果會因作業版本不同而對錯誤矯正機制與錯後行為調整現象有不同的影響，未來可依據不同作業針對錯誤矯正行為、錯後行為調整與睡眠剝奪之間的關聯性進行更細微的探討。

Sleep deprivation is a common phenomenon in the modern society, which is always filled with varieties of internet and media information. Both the type of work and pattern of sleep are no longer compatible with previous society. Previous researches have suggested that the executive function controlled by the frontal lobe is affected by sleep deprivation. Moreover, the literatures have also proposed sleep deprivation might impair error monitoring abilities. There was one recent study (Hsieh et al., 2007) using the letter flanker task demonstrated sleep deprivation only affected the correction rate of stimulus incongruent trials. It is still unclear how the sleep deprivation modulates the error monitoring system. The present study aimed to clarify the relationship among sleep deprivation, the nature of the task, and error correction system. Contrary to the previous study (Hsieh et al., 2007), we used the arrow flanker task to further investigate the relationship between sleep deprivation and error correction processes. Thirteen young healthy adults (5 women, 13-23 years old) executed an arrow flanker task after normal sleep and after one night of sleep deprivation, respectively. They were instructed to make correction immediately when they detected errors. Behavioral and event-related potential (ERP) data were collected through the task. After sleep deprivation, the behavioral results showed significant decreases in overall accuracy and correction rate, and increases in response time and omission rate. The ERP results showed the amplitude of Pe was significantly attenuated after sleep deprivation while the ERN amplitude was not significantly different from normal sleep. Furthermore, there were post error adjustments in both normal sleep and sleep deprivation conditions. In summary, the present study suggested that different versions of the flanker task interacted with sleep deprivation and this may influence error correction system and post error adjustments. Further study is needed to investigate how error correction interacts with post error adjustments under different tasks after one night sleep deprivation.

目錄
致謝 i
摘要 iii
Abstract v
圖目錄 viii
表目錄 ix
緒論 1
錯誤監控系統 3
事件相關電生理（event-related potential, ERP）與錯誤監控系統 4
研究目的、假設與結果預期 9
方法 12
篩選問卷及量表 12
實驗參與者 13
實驗程序 14
電生理記錄 15
認知作業 16
資料分析 18
睡眠日誌與活動記錄分析 18
自我評估分析 18
行為反應分析 19
腦波ERP分析 20
腦波頻譜分析 21
結果 23
行為結果 23
整體反應表現 24
錯後行為調整 26
ERP 29
反應鎖定ERP：ERN, Pe 及 CoRN 29
刺激鎖定ERP：N2 32
腦波頻譜分析 34
討論 42
行為資料 42
ERP資料 45
腦波頻譜資料 46
結論 47
參考文獻 49

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