臺灣博碩士論文加值系統

本論文使用厚1.6mm的FR4材質當做基板，實作出兩種新型的超寬頻天線。一種是採用漸進式(tapered)的方式配合共平面波導達到寬頻的效果，並在接地面使用兩種不同大小的槽孔促使低頻的阻抗匹配更好，增加阻抗頻寬以滿足超寬頻的頻段範圍。天線尺寸為43mm×20.8mm，頻率在2.67GHz至14.15GHz時，其反射損耗(return loss)均低於-10dBm，阻抗頻寬比為136.5%，實際的場型及增益也一同被測量出來。另一種為橢圓型超寬頻天線，採用傳統的矩形接地面配上輻射體下方切角達到寬頻，天線尺寸為52mm×49mm，天線操作頻段為3.28~11.88GHz，
最後藉由光系統所產生的脈衝訊號，實際經由天線發射出去同時分析接收端的訊號，在時域探討不同的接收面對天線接收訊息之影響，並比較兩種天線的接收情況。最後做出對本論文的總結及後續發展的工作跟加強的重點。

In this thesis two novel coplanar waveguide (CPW) ultra wideband (UWB) antennas fabricated on FR4 printed circuit board (PCB) are presented. The one is using tapered slot with compact size 43mm×20.8mm to achieve a large impedance bandwidth. Moreover, two different slots in the ground plane can improve the impedance match and obtain the better response at low frequency band to match the FCC regulation. Experimental results show that the return loss of the proposed antenna is lower than – 10 dB from 2.67 to 14.15GHz and the impedance bandwidth is 136.5%. The radiation patterns within this range are also measured. The other is the oval-shaped monopole antenna with compact size 52mm× 49mm, which is using the rectangular ground plane with an oblique angle under the radiating body to achieve a large impedance bandwidth. The operating frequency of the proposed antenna ranges from 3.28 to 11.88 GHz and the impedance bandwidth is 113 %.
Moreover, an elaborate time domain study of the antenna is emphatically addressed by an impulse train signal generated from an optical system. Experimental results show that two monopole UWB antennas demonstrate a good performance in time domain.

目錄
中文摘要...............................................i
英文摘要..............................................ii
目錄.................................................iii
圖目錄................................................V
表目錄.................................................Viii
第一章 序論............................................1
1.1研究背景......................................1
1.2研究動機......................................1
1.3超寬評定義與優點..............................3
1.4超寬頻系統技術現狀............................6
1.5論文概要......................................8
第二章 超寬頻天線...................................... 9
2.1天線理論..................................... 9
2.1.1偶極天線....................................9
2.1.2單極天線...................................11
2.2天線寬頻的定義...............................12
2.3二維結構印刷單極天線.........................13
2.4印刷槽孔天線.................................15
2.4.1窄槽孔天線.................................15
2.4.2寬槽孔天線.................................18
2.5共平面饋入波導設計結構. .....................21
2.6各類型超寬頻天線.............................22
2.6.1共平面饋入超寬頻天線.......................24
第三章 漸進式槽孔超寬頻天線...........................26
3.1漸進式槽孔天線...............................26
3.1.1漸進式槽孔天線天線基本圖形介紹.............26
3.1.2超寬頻漸進式槽孔天線.......................28
3.2共平面波導之超寬頻漸進式槽孔.................31
3.2.1槽孔參數...................................37
3.3輻射場形.....................................39
第四章 平面印刷橢圓型型超寬頻天線.....................43
4.1天線結構.....................................43
4.2實測結果. ...................................45
4.3相關參數討論.................................46
4.3.1調整接地面的寬度….........................46
4.3.2調整輻射體與與接地面間的距離…..............47
4.3.3調整輻射體下方蝕刻的斜角高度….............48
4.3.4調整輻射體內蝕刻的矩形.....................48
4.4輻射場型.....................................50
第五章 實驗架構與量測結果.............................53
5.1介紹........................................53
5.2 產生UWB short pulse .........................54
5.3天線接收脈衝的情形...........................56
第六章 結論...........................................61
參考文獻..............................................62

圖目錄
圖1.1 FCC超寬頻之室內有效等向輻射功率發射限制 .........5
圖1.2 FCC UWB頻寬示圖................................6
圖1.3 DS-UWB脈衝頻譜遮罩(Pulse Spectral Mask) ...........7
圖1.4多頻段正交頻率調變(MB-OFDM)頻譜規劃示意圖.......7
圖2.1偶極天線之電流分佈與電場輻射圖...................11
圖2.2 偶極天線應用鏡像法..............................12
圖2.3 圓錐型天線(Discone Antenna) .......................14
圖2.4 螺旋形天線(Helical Antenna) .......................14
圖2.5 對數週期天線(Log-Periodic Antenna) .................14
圖2.6 典型微帶線饋入印刷式窄槽孔天線..................15
圖2.7 電感性及電容性耦合饋入..........................16
圖2.8 共平面波導饋入印刷式窄槽孔天線幾何圖形..........17
圖2.9 方形寬槽孔天線..................................18
圖2.10各種新型的寬槽孔天線幾何結構圖..................20
圖2.11共平面波導饋入示意圖............................21
圖2.12 平面印刷式微帶線超寬頻天線幾何結構圖...........23
圖2.13 平面印刷式微帶線超寬頻天線幾何結構圖...........25
圖 3.1 漸進式開槽天線之幾何結構.......................26
圖 3.2 各種漸進式槽孔天線.............................27
圖 3.3 漸進式槽孔超寬頻的天線.........................29
圖 3.4 (a)具帶拒效果的超寬頻漸進式槽孔天線.............29
圖 3.4 (b)兩個漸進式的缺口之超寬頻天線.................29
圖 3.5 天線設計流程...................................30
圖3.6 共頻面波導之超寬頻漸進式槽孔天線................32
圖3.7 接地面的敘述圖...................................32
圖3.8 漸進式天線增益圖................................33
圖3.9 模擬及實作天線的反射損耗........................34
圖3.10 有槽孔跟無槽孔的反射損耗.......................34
圖3.11不同的輻射體頂端結構............................35
圖3.12 有槽孔及無槽孔的電流分佈.......................36
圖3.13 天線的大槽孔寬度b變化..........................37
圖3.14 大槽孔寬度b之電抗變化..........................37
圖3.15(a) 大槽孔與側邊距離c...........................38
圖3.15(b)側邊距離c之電抗變化..........................38
圖3.16 大槽孔與底邊距離d之模擬結果....................39
圖 3.17 3GHz時的Co-pol及Cross-Po場形圖.................40
圖 3.18 6GHz時的Co-pol及Cross-Po場形圖.................41
圖 3.19 9GHz時的Co-pol及Cross-Po場形圖.................42
圖4.1橢圓型天線結構...................................44
圖4.2模擬及實作天線的反射損耗.........................45
圖4.3橢圓型天線增益圖.................................46
圖4.4改變接地面寬度gx的反射損耗圖....................47
圖4.5改變輻射體與接地面間的距離gap反射損耗圖.........47
圖4.6改變蝕刻斜角高度b的反射損耗變化圖...............48
圖4.7輻射體內蝕刻矩形R2的長度........................49
圖4.8蝕刻矩形距離與接地面距離R1 ......................49
圖 4.9有槽孔及無槽孔的比較...............................49
圖4.10 3GHz時的Co-pol及Cross-Pol場形圖................50
圖4.11 6GHz時的Co-pol及Cross-Po場形圖................51
圖4.12 9GHz時的Co-pol及Cross-Po場形圖................52
圖5.1超寬頻與傳統無線傳輸技術比較圖...................54
圖5.2超寬頻的發射接受系統圖...........................55
圖5.3 DFB雷射產生的光脈衝............................55
圖5.4 DFB雷射經過6G光接收器後的脈衝.................56
圖5.5漸進式天線正面對正面.............................57
圖5.6漸進式天線背面對背面 ............................58
圖5.7漸進式天線側面對側面 ............................58
圖5.8橢圓型天線正面對正面.............................59
圖5.9橢圓型天線背面對背面.............................60
圖5.10橢圓型天線側面對側面............................60




表目錄
表1-1各無線寬頻接取技術之特性說明......................2
表3-1天線各尺寸值.....................................32
表4-1天線各個尺寸參數表. .............................43
表5-1光系統架構參數...................................55
表5-2漸近式天線接收脈衝比較表.........................57
表5-3橢圓型天線接收脈衝比較表.........................59

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