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研究生:陳鈺夫
研究生(外文):Yu-Fu Chen
論文名稱:建構於無線感測器網路之不整脈監測系統
論文名稱(外文):An Arrhythmia Monitoring System with Wireless Sensor Network
指導教授:蔡育秀蔡育秀引用關係
指導教授(外文):Yuh-Show Tsai
學位類別:碩士
校院名稱:中原大學
系所名稱:醫學工程研究所
學門:生命科學學門
學類:生物化學學類
論文種類:學術論文
論文出版年:2008
畢業學年度:96
語文別:中文
論文頁數:56
中文關鍵詞:感測器網路心電圖不整脈
外文關鍵詞:ECGArrhythmiasensor network
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心臟疾病的診斷常使用心電圖作為輔助診斷的工具,但心律不整往往無法在一般心電圖檢查中察覺,隨身設備中常以霍特心電圖、事件(連續)記錄器及護心卡等長期監測心電圖。但除霍特心電圖外,上述設備均需由配戴者手動觸發記錄事件,研究指出即使已教導過如何操作,仍有23%的使用者不會正確使用事件記錄器,且這類儀器無法偵測無症狀之心律不整。
本研究主要目的在於建製一基於無線感測器網路之不整脈監測系統,對於生活固定於同一區域(如醫院、安養院)之對象,提供不整脈監測之功能,並將偵測結果即時回報。如此非但解決手動操作的不便,也實現心臟的即時照護。
系統架構上以模組化之硬體平台實現無線感測器網路節點與心電圖隨身裝置。心電圖隨身裝置將擷取之心電圖進行R波偵測與不整脈偵測,R波偵測演算法採用“So and Chan”以斜率變化方式偵測,以R-R interval與QRS面積作為參數判別PVC與APC之心律不整,發現異常心電圖時將心電圖訊號經由感測器網路回傳至看護端,供專業人員診視。
本研究初步實現一心電圖監測系統,並以MIT-BIH Arrhythmia Database進行測試,R波偵測靈敏度為95.13%,不整脈偵測靈敏度為57.95%。在實際測試後,在五次跳躍傳輸以下,傳輸15秒之心電圖約需10秒。
An electrocardiogram(ECG) is usually used for analyzing heart disease. However, for occasional arrhythmia event, it is not easy to detect during outpatient clinics. Holter monitor has been utilized for long term ECG monitoring. An Event (Loop) Recorder need to triggered by people for recording. In a study of 100 patients, 23% of patients who had symptoms failed to activate their loop recorder properly depite previous education and test transmissions.
In this study, an Arrhythmia Monitoring System with Wireless Sensor Network is developed for people who active in an area (ex: hospitals). The system consists of three parts. The one is “ECG Device”, which can acquire and analysis the ECG signal. When potential arrhythmia event detected, it will transmit ECG signal. Another is “Base Station”, which acquire ECG signal and shown for medical staffs. The other is “Sensor Nodes”, which consist of wireless sensor network . It relay Data between ECG device and Base station.
The system has been tested with 46 MIT-BIH Arrhythmia Database records. The sensitivity of QRS detection is 95.13%.The sensitivity of arrhythmia event detector is 57.95%. In the Transmission part, when data hops below 5 hops, it costs about 10 seconds for transmitting 15 seconds of ECG data.
第一章 緒論……………………………………………………………………………….………………………….………………….1
1.1 研究背景…………………………………………………………………………………………………………..…………….2
1.2 文獻回顧……………………………………………………………………………………………………………..………….4
1.3 研究動機……………………………………………………………………………………………………………..………….8
1.4 研究目的……………………………………………………………………………………………………..………………….9
第二章 理論基礎…………………………………………………………………………………………………………….……….10
2.1 心電圖簡介…………………………………………………………………………………………..……………………….10
2.2 異常心電圖介紹…………………………………………………………………………………………………………….11
2.2.1 心室期外收縮(PVC)………………………………………………………………………………………….12
2.2.2 心房期外收縮(APC)………………………………………………………………………………………….12
2.3 MIT-BIH不整脈資料庫……………………………………………………………………………………….…………..13
2.4 無線感測器網路概述……………………………………………………………………………………………..……..14
2.5 ZIGBEE無線通訊技術…………………………………………………………………………………………..…………..15
2.6 TINYOS介紹………………………………………………………………………………………………..…………….……..17
第三章 系統架構與研究方法……………………………………………………………………………….…………………..18
3.1 系統架構……………………………………………………………………..………………………………………..……….18
3.2 無線感測器網路………………………………………………………………………………………………………..…..19
3.2.1 感測器節點硬體平台設計………………………………………………………………………..…………..19
3.2.2 無線感測器網路資料傳輸方式…………………………………………………………………………….20
3.2.3 無線感測器網路封包設計…………………………………………………………………………………….23
3.3 心電圖隨身裝置…………………………………………………………………………………………………………….25
3.3.1 心電圖隨身裝置之硬體設計…………………………………………………………………………..…….25
3.3.2 心電圖隨身裝置之程式流程…………………………………………………………..…………………….26
3.3.3 R波偵測演算法……………………………………………………………………………………..……………….27
3.3.4 事件偵測法則……………………………………………………………………………………………….……….29
3.4 資料收集端…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….30
第四章 研究結果與討論………………………………………………………………………………………………..………….32
4.1 R波偵測結果…………………………………………………………………………………………………….…………….32
4.2 不整脈偵測結果………………………………………………………………………………………………….………….35
4.3 感測器節點實現…………………………………………………………………………………………………….……….37
4.3.1 USB燒錄/通訊板…………………………………………………………………………………………………….37
4.3.2 中央處理板…………………………………………………………………………………………………………….38
4.3.3 Zigbee無線通訊板………………………………………………………………………………………………….39
4.4 感測器網路效能測試………………………………………………………………………………………………….….40
4.5 心電圖傳輸結果…………………………………………………………………………………………….……………….40
4.6 結果討論…………………………………………………………………………………………………………..…………….42
第五章 結論與未來展望………………………………………………………………………………………..………………….45

圖目錄

圖 一 1 歷年主要死因死亡率趨勢圖…………………………………………………………………………………………1
圖 一 2 振興醫院遠距心臟照護中心之『護心卡』………………………………………………………………….3
圖 一 3 RAYTEL’S 30-DAY ARRHYTHMIA MONITOR………………………………………………………………………………..3
圖 一 4 運用於無線心電圖監測系統之減少資料量的方法…………………………..…………………………4
圖 一 5 無線心電圖系統示意圖……………………………………………………………………………………………..…5
圖 一 6 左圖為ECG SENSOR貼在胸前,手中為HHD;右圖為RF接收端與HHD以RS232連接…5
圖 一 7 低功率不整脈事件記錄器之系統架構圖……………………………………………………….…………...6
圖 一 8 CONTINUOUS EVENT RECORDER系統架構……………………………………………………………………………..7
圖 一 9 『CODEBLUE』之電腦端介面………………………………………………………………………………….……..7
圖 二 1 心臟內部構造與刺激傳導系統模型圖……………………………………………………………………….10
圖 二 2 正常心電圖波形…………………………………………………………………………………………………….……11
圖 二 3 心室性心律不整-單一PVC………………………………………………………………………………………….12
圖 二 4 期外收縮之QRS波前有一異位性P波………………………………………………………………………12
圖 二 5 MIT-BIH ARRHYTHMIA DATABASE之編號108具嚴重雜訊干擾………………………………………..13
圖 二 6 MIT-BIH ARRHYTHMIA DATABASE之編號207雜訊干擾…………………………………………………...14
圖 二 7 資料多重跳躍示意圖……. …………………………………………………………………………………………..15
圖 二 8 典型感測器節點硬體方塊圖…………………………………………………………………………………..….15
圖 二 9 ZIGBEE STACK ARCHITECTURE…………………………………………………………………………………………..…..15
圖 二 10 ZIGBEE TOPOLOGY MODELS……………………………………………………………………………………………....15
圖 三 1 系統架構圖……………………………………………………………………………………………………………..….18
圖 三 2 感測器節點之系統方塊圖………………………………………………………………………………………....20
圖 三 3 多重廣播(MULTI-BROADCAST)資料傳遞示意圖……………………………………………………..….21
圖 三 4 階層式網路架構………………………………………………………………………………………………………....21
圖 三 5 資料收極端與心電圖隨身裝置間之心電圖傳送流程…………………………………………….….22
圖 三 6 資料傳輸封包結構……………………………………………………………………………………………………...23
圖 三 7 心電圖隨身裝置之系統方塊圖…………………………………………………………………………………..26
圖 三 8 BEST(BIOENGINEERING SENSETECH)公司之單導程心電圖模組……. ……………………………..26
圖 三 9 心電圖隨身裝置程式流程圖………. ……………………………………………………………………………..27
圖 三 10 “SO AND CHAN” - R波偵測流程圖…………………………………………………………………………………29
圖 三 11 不整脈事件偵測流程圖……………………………………………………………………………………….……30
圖 三 12 電腦端檢視介面……………………………………………………………………………………………………..…31
圖 四 1 MIT-BIH ARRHYTHMIA DATABASE編號118記錄之原始360HZ波形…………………………..…….32
圖 四 2 MIT-BIH ARRHYTHMIA DATABASE編號118記錄經三次多項式內插法之波形………………...33
圖 四 3 感測器節點- “BMOTE”實體圖…………………………………………………………………………………..….37
圖 四 4 BMOTE - USB燒錄/通訊板方塊圖…………………………………………………………………………..……38
圖 四 5 BMOTE - USB燒錄/通訊板實品圖………………………………………………………………………………..38
圖 四 6 BMOTE - 中央處理板方塊圖…………………………………………………………………………………….….39
圖 四 7 BMOTE - 中央處理板實品圖…………………………………………………………………………………….….39
圖 四 8 BMOTE - ZIGBEE無線通訊板方塊圖(左)與實體圖(右)…………………………………….….40
圖 四 9 節點跳躍次數、資料傳送速率與資料傳送成功率之關係…………………………………..…..40
圖 四 10 心電圖傳輸測試之系統架構圖………………………………………………………………………………..41
圖 四 11 編號105測試不整脈心電圖傳輸之結果…………………………………………………………………42
圖 四 12 編號105 PVC發生波形……………………………………………………………………………………………..42
圖 四 13 編號104具大量雜訊(圈選處為判斷為R波)………………………………………………….….43
圖 四 14 編號105基線飄移(圈選處為判斷為R波)…………………………………………………………43

表目錄
表 一 1 心律不整檢查隨身裝置之比較…………………………………………………………………………………….3
表 一 2 相關文獻比較…………………………………………………………………………………………………………..…..8
表 二 1 正常心電圖波形時間………………………………………………………………………………….………………11
表 三 1 封包型態……………………………………………………………………………………………..………………………25
表 四 1 不同參數設定之R波偵測準確率………………………………………………………………………….…..33
表 四 2 不同參數設定之R波偵測準確率(經篩選)…………………………………………………………..34
表 四 3 MIT-BIH ARRHYTHMIA DATABASE各項心電圖記錄於MATLAB之R波偵測結果……………….34
表 四 4 MIT-BIH ARRHYTHMIA DATABASE各項心電圖記錄於隨身裝置之R波偵測結果………….…35
表 四 5 MIT-BIH ARRHYTHMIA DATABASE各項心電圖記錄於隨身裝置之不整脈偵測結果…………36
中華民國九十四年死因上冊,2006,行政院衛生署,p.39
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