傳統運輸工具造型設計通常在構想圖之後，會先製作油土模型，再以點測或掃描方式取得的幾何資料輸入電腦，進行曲面平順化處理。近年來由於電腦輔助造型設計軟體的發展，是否可以直接以電腦建構造型省去油土模型步驟，值得探討。本研究以小型賽車前整流罩造型設計為例，探討直接以電腦所建構3D模型與運用油土所發展模型的目視差異性，以初步了解電腦建構模型的可行性與問題點。
結果顯示透過電腦輔助設計軟體之檢視工具，可以有效地幫助設計師建構模型，但對於特殊造型曲面建構的詮釋，以及空間自由邊界之界定仍有待進一步探討。

In the transportation design, full-scale model is normally made and scanned to obtain geometric data. Surface fairing is then made on computer basic on scanned geometric information. Upon rapid development of computer aided styling design, it possess the possibility to do the styling design, directly on computer and skip the process of making clay model.
The research aims to investigate this possibility. Take front panel of go-kart as example, model generated on computer and developed using clay were compared.
The results show that computer software do provide useful tools for checking the quality of geometric surfaces. However, for some special features of exterior form, clay model is still need to well define the surfaces.

第一章　緒論
1.1研究背景動機…1
1.2研究目的…2
1.3研究範圍與限制…2
1.4研究架構…3
第二章　文獻探討
2.1感覺認知相關研究…5
2.2電腦輔助設計工具…7
2.3曲面檢測…20
2.4逆向工程…23
2.5結語…25
第三章　造型設計
3.1實驗設置…27
3.2建構電腦模型…31
3.3環境光源檢視…33
3.4斑馬紋檢視…34
3.5曲率分析檢視…36
3.6油土模型製作…38
第四章　電腦模型製作與修改
4.1電腦模型製作與修改…41
4.2綜合分析電腦模型修改紀錄…80
4.3模擬實車配置…96
第五章　油土模型製作與修改
5.1實體模型製作…98
5.2油土模型修正…105
5.3灰底漆塗裝…114
第六章　電腦模型與油土模型比較
6.1自行檢視比較…120
6.2專家訪談…122
6.3綜合分析…127
第七章　結論
7.1結論…128
7.2建議…129
參考文獻…130

一、中文部分
1.林群弼，2006，汽車鈑金模具CAD 建構技術發展，國立中央大學 機械研究所。
2.陳德勝，2003，從設計觀點探討數位模型之建構與應用途徑-視覺基礎與數位操作之對應思考，實踐大學設計研究所碩士論文。
3.劉子珩，2005，電腦輔助繪圖軟體操作性淺談。
4.謝明錩，2004，看懂世界名畫，爾雅出版社。

二、外文部分
5.Aleksandar Prijic†* and Paul Jennings†, 2002 , A feature-based proposal for blending freedom surfaces ,J.eng.Design, vol.13,no.4,341–349.
6.C.C.M. Hummels and Dr C.J. Overbeeke, 1998, Designing and testing human computer interaction : a case studyin virtual clay modeling delft, 31th International Symposium on Automotive Technology and Automation (ISATA)pp.27-34
7.Jouke Verlinden, Adrie Kooijman, Edwin Edelenbos, 2005, Investigation on the use of illuminated clay in automotive styling, Proc. of CAID/CD Conference, pp. 514-519.
8.Michael Tovey, Concept design cad for the automotive industry, J. ENG. design, 2002, vol. 13, no. 1, 5–18.
9.Michael Tovey, John Owen, 2000, Sketching and direct cad modeling in automotive design, Coventry School of Art and Design,Coventry University.
10.Monica Bordegoni, Umberto Cugini, Umberto Giraudo, Conceptual design of a virtual clay modeling interface based on designers’ hand movements analysis.2005.kaemart.it
11.Liverani, G. Piraccini, 2001, Full-Scale Surface Modeling in Virtual Reality, XII ADM international conference. { IT v-lab }
12.Mark,Evans, David Cheshire, Bahar Sener, 2005, An evaluation of haptic feedback modelling during industrial design practice, Design Studies vol.26 no. 5.
13.Mark Evans, Dave Cheshire, Christopher Dean, 2000, An investigation into the use of haptic modeling during industrial design activity, IDATER Loughborough University.
14.Pedro Santos , Holger Graf , Timo Fleisch , André Stork,2003, 3D Interactive Augmented Reality in Early Stages of Product Design,
15.Pasquale Corbo, Michele Germani, Ferruccio Mandorli, 2004, Aesthetic and functional analysis for product model validation in reverse engineering applications, Computer-Aided Design 36 p65–74
16.M. Sokovic , J. Kopac , 2006, RE (reverse engineering) as necessary phase by rapid product development , Journal of Materials Processing Technology 175 p398–403
17.R.M.Newman1, M. Tovey, C. S. Porter, N. Bussard, 2002, Line to form to line – transformations between 2D and 3D in design and documentation, IEEE
18.Shih-Wen Hsiao and Jiun-Chau Chuang, A reverse engineering based approach for product form design, 2003, Design Studies 24 p155–171
19.William Buxton, George Fitzmaurice, Ravin Balakrishnan, and Gordon Kurtenbach, 2000, Large Displays in Automotive Design, IEEE.
20.Yifan Chen , Klaus-Peter Beier, 1996, Direct high line modification on nurbs surfaces.

三、網路部分
21.http://www.rapidtech.com.tw/cht/Reversed%20Engineering.html
22.http://sketch.inesc-id.pt/publications/HCI2003_Interactive%20Augmented%20