臺灣博碩士論文加值系統

摘要
近幾年來，隨著無線通訊技術的發展與微機電技術改變了許多，也提供了許多服務的需求，如通話功能、傳送及接收資訊(資料及影像)功能、定位功能(Location Function)等，其中以定位功能較為有興趣的功能，而定位功能較為熟知的就是全球定位系統(Global Position System；GPS)。但是GPS衛星定位需保持視線(Line-Of-Sight；LOS)的地區，且適用大區域範圍地區，因此需要在戶外才能發揮功能，對於戶內或室內或小區域範圍則無法發揮定位之功能，所以對於如何在戶內或室內或小區域範圍的定位功能，達到一個準確定位系統，已經成為一個重要的議題。
本論文中，所要提出的是利用無線區域網路技術來達到室內定位功能，所以為了要實現室內定位功能，則選定使用IEEE標準802.15.4通訊協定的ZigBee網路，它具有高度網路定址能力且具低功率消耗等優點。所以本研究會建構一個具有遠端監控與管理能力之無線感測網路定位系統，可具有高定址能力、低功率消耗、快速反應時間及具有遠端監控之能力的系統，可適用於大樓人員及設備監控、居家健康照護系統、消防人員及設備定位管理、室內停車場定位及管理、安全防護與事件追蹤系統、工廠與生產自動化、倉儲存貨盤點與貨品位系統、工業控制系統及保全門禁系統等系統方面應用。

Abstract

In recent years, the development of wireless communication technology and the rapid change of micro-electronic technology have provided a lot of services. These services include the conversation function, message (data and image), and locating function. Among all these services, the locating function plays an important role to locate person decices and Global Position System is the most familiar locating function.
However, GPS satellite technology is resticted in the line-of-sight zone and is only suitable for large area. Therefore it can not be used in indoor or a small zone environment. Thus, it gets more and more attention on how to achieve an accurate locating function for indoors or a small region scenario.
In this paper, we propose an indoors locating function by using wireless area network technology. Therefore, in order to realize the function, the ZigBee network with 802.15.4 communication protocol(an IEEE standard) has been selected. The selection criteria are cost, implantation easyiness, universal standardization, power consumption, among others.
The implementation architecture includes the following: the capability of remote monitoring and management with locating accuracy, low power consumption, and short response time. These characteristics are very suitable for applications such as the personal and equipments, monitoring, home health care systems building, location management for fire fighters and equipments, as well as indoor parking, safety incidents tracking, factory and production automation, warehousing and inventory locating, industry control system, gate keeping, and so on.
This thesis will give a through study on the system implantation of the selected criteria, locating technologies, the ZigBee characteristics, the implantation considerations, the simulation data acquisition monitoring , location database management, system integration and system validation.

目 錄
壹、 中文摘要------------------------------10
英文摘要------------------------------12
貳、 研究背景及動機------------------------14
2.1 接收訊號角度定位法------------------16
2.2 到達時間定位法----------------------20
2.3 到達時間差定位法--------------------23
2.4訊號強度定位法---------------------- 25
2.5 定位方法----------------------------29
參、 ZigBee網路概述------------------------36
3.1 ZigBee網路概述----------------------36
3.2 ZigBee標準發展與技術特性------------36
3.3 ZigBee規格--------------------------40

肆、 定位及監測系統之實作內容--------------49
4.1 系統架構----------------------------49
4.2 定位方法----------------------------51
4.3 資料蒐集器--------------------------58
4.4 ZigBee設備--------------------------61
4.5 監測方式----------------------------64
伍、 定位及監測系統之實測內容--------------70
5.1 定位系統設計------------------------70
5.2 定位系統架構------------------------70
5.3 定位系統模擬-----------------------108
5.4 系統測試---------------------------120
5.5 監測系統架構-----------------------142
5.6 系統測試---------------------------152
陸、 結論與未來展望-----------------------159
柒、 參考文獻-----------------------------160

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