臺灣博碩士論文加值系統

面臨全球化整合與經濟競爭，各國與世界各大經濟體系都以提高產業競爭力與促進產業升級為發展目標。檢視一國的研發經費投入比例成了一國創新程度相當重要的衡量指標，尤其在近代我國產業面臨低成本生產基地興起及全球化競爭的衝擊下，持續提升國內創新研究發展支出，確實是增加產業競爭力之主要作為。本文試圖證實，面臨全球化整合與經濟競爭壓力下，是否各國研發支出會呈現趨於一致，或者各自發展出相異路線。
本文以台灣與OECD國家研發支出之收斂性進行實證研究，按考慮指標與支出功能別為人均GDP與研發支出占GDP比率及企業、政府、高等教育部門研發支出占GDP比率。第一，使用群集分析將國家分為「高R&D高經濟成長組」、「中R&D中經濟成長組」及「低R&D低經濟成長組」。第二，接著針對各群組進行時間序列單根檢定與共整合檢定，結果顯示僅有少數國家具有收斂之證據，而中、高R&D組在研發支出占GDP比率具有長期收斂趨勢。第三，利用 收斂對各群組進行分析，結果顯示中、高R&D組在政府部門研發支出占GDP比率方面具有 收斂證據。第四，使用追蹤資料模型分析台灣與OECD國家研發支出，結果顯示台灣與OECD國家具有 收斂證據。
實證結果發現，OECD國家的「高R&D高經濟成長組」與「中R&D中經濟成長組」在政府部門研發支出具有較明顯的 收斂證據，顯示OECD國家政府部門研發投入趨近於一致；而台灣與OECD國家研發支出亦有 收斂證據。台灣可以借鏡研發成熟的歐洲國家，進而對於研發投入達到更佳配置，希望藉由本文能供當局者面對全球化整合與經濟競爭下，予以我國研發投入面做出更佳的決策。

Face with the global immigration and globalization of economic competition, all countries and economic organizations set a development goal of upgrading the industry competitiveness. Inspect of a nation’s proportion of research and development expenditure has become an important weighted target of innovation degree. Especially that industry in our country has confronted with the impact of global competition, it’s important to keep up with sufficient R&D expenditure. The purpose of this thesis is to investigate whether the R&D expenditure of various countries under global immigration and economic competition tends toward to consistent, or still different and dependent on it own characteristic.
The study analyzes the R&D expenditure of Taiwan and the OECD countries examine the nation’s convergence of two indices, which are the ratio of R&D expenditure to GDP, GDP per capita, the ratio of business R&D expenditure to GDP, the ratio of government R&D expenditure to GDP and the ratio of high educated R&D expenditure to GDP. Firs, by using the cluster analyze we divide various countries into three cluster which are “High R&D cluster”, “Mid R&D cluster” and “Low R&D cluster”. Second, by using the time series and cointegration test, the empirical result shows that few nations have the evidence of convergence, but the “High R&D cluster” and “Mid R&D cluster” have long term convergence trends on the ratio of R&D expenditure to GDP. Third, by using the convergence and the empirical result show that there is convergence of “Mid R&D cluster” and “High R&D cluster” on the ratio of government R&D expenditure to GDP. Fourth, by using the panel data model to analyze the R&D expenditure of Taiwan and OECD countries, the empirical result show that there’s convergence between Taiwan and OECD countries
Empirical results demonstrate that “High R&D cluster” and “Mid R&D cluster” of OECD countries have convergence on the R&D expenditure of government, it imply that R&D expenditure of OECD governments tends toward consistent. Taiwan can learn from the experience of European countries, and revise current R&D expenditure distribution to optima. The Taiwan government can ponder over the direction of R&D expenditure policy in the future.

摘要…………………………………………………………………… Ⅰ
Abstract…………………………………………………………………Ⅱ
第一章 緒論……………………………………………………………1
第一節 研究背景與研發支出範圍與執行部門功用…………………1
第二節 研究動機與目的………………………………………………2
第三節 研究限制………………………………………………………5

第二章 文獻回顧………………………………………………………7
第一節 收斂定義與經濟成長收斂文獻………………………………7
第二節 政府研發與企業研發相互關係面文獻…………………… 10
第三節 研發支出與經濟成長相關文獻…………………………… 12
第四節 文獻彙總整理……………………………………………… 14

第三章 研究方法…………………………………………………… 20
第一節 群集分析…………………………………………………… 20
第二節 時間序列－單根檢定……………………………………… 23
第三節 時間序列共整合檢定……………………………………… 27
第四節 收斂………………………………………………………… 30
第五節 追蹤資料模型……………………………………………… 33

第四章 實證結果與分析………………………………………… 36
第一節 資料描述………………………………………………… 36
第二節 群集分析結果…………………………………………… 37
第三節 實證分析………………………………………………… 41

第五章 結論…………………………………………………………79

參考文獻 …………………………………………………………… 82

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