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研究生:吳星屏
研究生(外文):Hsing Ping Wu
論文名稱:市售部份氫化油脂及烘焙製品中反式脂肪酸含量之調查
論文名稱(外文):Investigate the contents of trans fatty acids in commercially partial hydrogenated oil and bakery products
指導教授:盧義發盧義發引用關係
指導教授(外文):Yi Fa Lu
學位類別:碩士
校院名稱:輔仁大學
系所名稱:營養科學系
學門:醫藥衛生學門
學類:營養學類
論文種類:學術論文
論文出版年:2008
畢業學年度:96
語文別:中文
論文頁數:82
中文關鍵詞:反式脂肪酸部份氫化油烘焙製品氣相層析法
外文關鍵詞:trans fatty acidpartially hydrogenated oilbakery productsgas chromatography
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許多研究顯示反式脂肪酸(TFA)攝取過多會增加血液中總膽固醇、低密度脂蛋白(LDL-C)及減少高密度脂蛋白膽固醇(HDL-C)而影響人類的健康。在歐美等國家已積極對TFA的含量標示進行管理,我國也已於今年一月開始實行增列反式脂肪酸的營養標示規定。故本研究主要的目的是希望能讓消費者瞭解一些原料及產品中的TFA含量。實驗樣品的收集含兩大類,分別為部份氫化油及烘焙製品;以氣相層析法分析樣品中的TFA含量及類型。分析的結果發現,在34件部份氫化油脂樣品中有21件 (佔61.8%)TFA含量1%以上,平均含量為9.6% ;而38件烘焙食品中有22件 (佔57.9%)檢出含TFA在1%以上,平均含量為7.5%;另外,在速食食品檢測到的TFA含量範圍介於1.2~7.3%之間。不論是氫化油脂、烘焙製品或速食食品,大部的樣品中所含TFA的類型皆18:1 9t為主;若以原料而言,TFA含量最高者在每一百克脂肪中達39.9克亦有。以上結果得知,市售許多油脂原料及烘焙製品中TFA含量仍偏高,產品加標TFA含量有其必要性,消費者在選購時宜多加留意。
Many researches showed that trans fatty acids (TFA) may increase blood total cholesterol, low density lipoprotein-cholesterol (LDL-C) and decrease high density lipoprotein-cholesterol (HDL-C), lead to influence human health. Many western countries have positively focused on nutrition label of TFA content in food management. The nutrition label of TFA on food packing has also been ruled from January, 2008. The aim of present study were to survey the TFA content of some materials and products derived from partially hydrogenated oil. The experimental samples divided into two groups, i.e., partially hydrogenated oil and baking products. Gas chromatography was used to analysis TFA content. The results showed that 21 of 34 samples were found to have detectable TFA in partially hydrogenated oil, with average 9.6%, and 22 samples in 38 bakery products, with average TFA 7.5%. The highest content of TFA were reached 39.9 g in fat material. No matter what hydrogenated oil、 bakery products or fast foods, the elaidic acid was the main TFA in almost samples. Taken together, the TFA contents were high in our survey samples and the consumers must take attention for TFA content during purchasing.
目錄
中文摘要…………………………………………………………………………………………Ⅰ
英文摘要…………………………………………………………………………………………Ⅱ
致謝………………………………………………………………………………………………Ⅲ
目錄………………………………………………………………………………………………Ⅳ
表目錄……………………………………………………………………………………………Ⅵ
圖目錄……………………………………………………………………………………………Ⅶ
附表目錄…………………………………………………………………………………………Ⅷ

壹、前言…………………………………………………………………………………………1
貳、文獻回顧……………………………………………………………………………………3
一、反式脂肪酸脂理化特性與源………………………………………………………………3
二、反式脂肪酸對健康的影響…………………………………………………………………4
(一)對脂質與脂蛋白代謝的影響……………………………………………………………4
(二)對其他代謝之影響………………………………………………………………………8
三、反式脂肪酸含量與攝取量…………………………………………………………………11
(一)部份氫化油………………………………………………………………………………11
(二)烘焙食品…………………………………………………………………………………12
(三)油炸速食食品……………………………………………………………………………14
(四)各國攝取量相關數據……………………………………………………………………18
四、反式脂肪酸的標示…………………………………………………………………………20
(一)增列反式脂肪酸標示的用意……………………………………………………………20
(二)各國對於增列反式脂肪酸的規定………………………………………………………20
叁、材料與方法
一、材料…………………………………………………………………………………………25
(一)樣品收集…………………………………………………………………………………25
(二)樣品編號及分類…………………………………………………………………………25
二、方法…………………………………………………………………………………………26
(一)樣品處理與脂肪酸分析…………………………………………………………………26
(二)水分測定…………………………………………………………………………………27
(三)統計分析方法……………………………………………………………………………28
肆、結果與討論…………………………………………………………………………………29
伍、結論…………………………………………………………………………………………36
陸、參考文獻……………………………………………………………………………………50
表目錄

表一、比較台灣、美國與加拿大三國對於總脂肪、飽和脂肪及反式脂肪三者在營養標示上
得以標示為“零“的規定……………………………………………………………… 22
表二、各國的部份氫化油中脂肪酸的組成…………………………………………………… 37
表三、各國部分氫化油中不同脂肪酸與脂肪含量的比較…………………………………… 38
表四、烘焙製品中脂肪酸組成的比例………………………………………………………… 39
表五、烘焙製品中所含脂肪酸及脂肪含量的比較…………………………………………… 40
表六、不同種類的烘焙製品每一份所含反式脂肪酸的克數………………………………… 41
表七、速食店薯條和雞塊的脂肪酸組成及比例……………………………………………… 42
表八、速食店每一份量速食食品中所含反式脂肪酸克數…………………………………… 43
表九、自製的手工餅乾中TFA含量的預測值及實際檢測值比較………………………………44

圖目錄

圖一、購自各國的餅乾/蛋糕/脆餅/威化餅。每個國家,按照產品中所含的工業產生的反式
脂肪酸含量來排序………………………………………………………………………15
圖二、“高反式的餐單”在速食,餅乾/蛋糕/脆餅/威化餅,和微波爆玉米花中的工業產生
的反式脂肪酸含量。在每個國家中,顯示其每種類最高濃度之產品………………16
圖三、各國的大份麥當勞和肯德基薯條及雞塊的反式脂肪酸含量…………………………17
圖四、在TRANFAIR 研究中對於歐洲國家中反式脂肪酸攝取的飲食來源調查……………19
圖五、台灣的營養標示例………………………………………………………………………23
圖六、美國的營養標示例………………………………………………………………………24
圖七、十四種脂肪酸甲酯標準品氣相層析圖譜………………………………………………45
圖八、氫化油脂樣品(No.21) 及其添加反油酸甲酯標準品 (C18:1, 9t)
的氣相層析圖譜………………………………………………………………………46
圖九、工業用部分氫化油中檢出含反式脂肪酸的頻率…………………………………… 47
圖十、家庭用部份氫化油中檢出含反式脂肪酸的頻率…………………………………… 48
圖十一、烘焙製品中檢出含反式脂肪酸的頻率…………………………………………… 49


附表目錄
頁次
附表一、市售部分氫化油中脂肪酸的組成…………………………62
附表二、市售點心類食品中脂肪酸的組成……………………………64
附表三、速食食品中脂肪酸的組成……………………………………66
附表四、氫化油樣品的相關標…………………………………………67
附表五、烘焙製品的相關標示………………………………………73
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