人工物料搬運所造成之下背痛以及肌肉骨骼的傷害已被確認為是造成產業損失的主要來源之ㄧ。國外研究顯示，在相同質量下，較大的目標物感覺上比較小的目標物來的輕(此種現象稱為大小/重量錯覺)。此種較大的箱子伴隨著重量知覺的減少極可能導致抬舉者搬運過重的負荷，而造成肌肉骨骼系統的傷害。有鑑於國內缺乏有關容器的大小/重量錯覺效應之研究，再加上國內外亦缺乏心物法之證實。本研究乃以實驗性研究來探討國人在個人及雙人抬舉中之大小/重量錯覺，並以心物法來檢定MAWL是否受到大小/重量錯覺之效應。
首先，本研究共徵募28位受試者(18位男性及10位女性)進行個人(實驗一)及雙人(實驗二)抬舉作業，以探討在不同目標物大小(103、143及183立方英吋)及質量(3.0 kg、6.6 kg及13.8 kg)下相對於標準刺激(163立方英吋，9.0 kg)之重量知覺、體積知覺和施力知覺，研究結果發現質量對於重量知覺有顯著效應，但對於體積知覺和施力知覺則無顯著效應；而目標物大小對於重量知覺、體積知覺和施力知覺皆有顯著效應，顯示大小/重量錯覺存在於國人之個人及雙人抬舉中，當重量相同時重量知覺會隨著箱子目標物大小的增加而減少；單人抬舉時目標物大小從103立方英吋增加至183立方英吋時，其重量知覺下降20 %；雙人則為26 %。此外，性別及國內外不同種族之間對於重量知覺則皆無顯著的差異。
其次，本研究再針對上述受試者利用心物法來檢定單人(實驗三)及雙人(實驗四)抬舉時，在各種目標物大小(103、143及183立方英吋)和頻率(一次最大、1 lift/min和4 lifts/min)下其所決定之MAWL是否受到大小/重量錯覺的效應。研究結果顯示受試者會因為較大的箱子感覺較輕而搬運更用力，單人抬舉時，MAWL之下降百分比(以箱子最小者為基礎分別為100、95和76 %)大於NIOSH (1991)之修正乘數(分別為100、87和73 %)；雙人抬舉時，MAWL之下降百分比(分別為100、110和108 %)亦大於NIOSH (1991)之修正乘數(分別為100、96和87 %)。顯示大小/重量錯覺對MAWL有所影響。

Manual materials handling (MMH) has been identified as one of the major causes of back injuries and musculoskeletal disorders to industrial workers and cost to industry. Foreign researches showed that the lifters perceive larger objects to be lighter than smaller objects of the same mass. This phenomenon is commonly known as the size-weight illusion. The decrease in perceived heaviness accompanying larger objects could lead the lifter to exceed the limits of safety and cause the musculoskeletal injuries. However, until now this size-weight illusion has not been studied in our country. In addition, this phenomenon also has not been verified by psychophysical research for foreign and native researchers. Therefore, the purposes of this study is to investigate the size-weight illusion of individuals and team lifting and to evaluate the effect of size-weight illusion on psychophysically determination of maximum acceptable weights (MAWL).
The first, this study recruited twenty-eight subjects (18 men, 10 women) to conduct individual (experiment 1) and team (experiment 2) lifting, and to investigate the perceived heaviness, perceived volume, and perceived exertion of the different combinations of object size (103, 143 and 183 cubic inches) and mass (3.0, 6.6 and 9.0 kg). The mass affects significantly on the perceived heaviness, however, couldn’t affect significantly on the perceived volume and perceived exertion. The effects of the object size on the perceived heaviness, perceived volume, and perceived exertion is significant. The result showed that the size-weight illusion exists in the individual and team lifting for Chinese participants. As the volume of the stimuli increased from 103 to 183 cubic inches, the reports of perceived heaviness decreased 20 % and 26 % for individual and team lifting, respectively. In addition, the effects of sex and ethnic difference were not significant.
The second, this study used psychophysical method and the same subjects to evaluate the effect of size-weight illusion on the MAWLs of different combinations of object size (103, 143 and 183 cubic inches) and frequency (one time maximum, 1 lift/min and 4 lifts/min) for individual (experiment 3) and team (experiment 4) lifting. The results showed that whether lifted by an individual or a team, larger containers are perceived to be substantially lighter than smaller containers, and the subjects lift more hardly accompany with an increase of volume. For individual lifting, the decrease of the MAWLs (100, 95 and 76 % relative to small containers) is larger than the revised horizontal and coupling multiplier of NIOSH (1991) (100, 87 and 73 % relative to small containers). For team lifting, the decrease of the MAWLs (100, 110 and 108 relative to small containers) is also larger than the revised horizontal and coupling multipliers of NIOSH (1991) (100, 96 and 87 % relative to small containers). This indicated that the effect of size-weight illusion on the MAWL is significant.

摘要…………………………………………………………………… I
目錄…………………………………………………………………… II
圖目錄………………………………………………………………… IV
表目錄………………………………………………………………… V
第一章 導論
第一節 研究背景 …………………………………………………… 1
第二節 研究動機 …………………………………………………… 3
第三節 研究目的 …………………………………………………… 3
第四節 研究流程 …………………………………………………… 4
第二章 文獻探討
第一節 引言 ………………………………………………………… 7
第二節 重量知覺與大小/重量錯覺………………………………… 7
第三節 在工業抬舉作業中的大小/重量錯覺……………………… 10
第四節 容器大小對於心物法MAWL之效應……………………… 11
第三章 單人及雙人抬舉作業之大小/重量錯覺研究
第一節 研究方法 …………………………………………………… 15
第二節 結果 ………………………………………………………… 22
第三節 討論 ………………………………………………………… 36
第四章 以心物法驗證單人及雙人抬舉作業中大小/重量錯覺的效應
第一節 研究方法 …………………………………………………… 55
第二節 結果 ………………………………………………………… 61
第三節 討論 ………………………………………………………… 76
第五章 結論與建議
第一節 結論 ………………………………………………………… 99
第二節 建議 ………………………………………………………… 103
參考文獻……………………………………………………………… 104
附錄
附錄一 結果資料表………………………………………………… 110
附錄二 實驗指示語………………………………………………… 111

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