紅龍果 (Hylocereus polyrhizus) 的果實呈現鮮紅色，含多量多酚化合物；而多酚化合物被認為具有抗氧化功能，膳食補充對健康具有許多助益。單胺氧化酶 (Monoamine oxidase, MAO) 在人體老化及其他神經相關疾病(如：帕金森氏症、憂鬱症)扮演重要角色。 MAO 活性的增加，經常被認為是老化的指標。 MAO 抑制劑也廣泛被治療包括帕金森氏症在內的多種神經方面的疾病，但往往存在許多副作用。因此本研究擬建立抗老化篩選機制平台，分析紅龍果中具有抑制 MAO 活性的有效成分。實驗設計分為兩個部份，第一部分為細胞實驗，採用大腦神經膠細胞- C6 細胞，作為 MAO 生成的細胞研究模式。結果顯示在不影響細胞存活率之下，紅龍果萃取物的添加，可有效降低大腦神經膠細胞- C6 細胞中 MAO 之活性，並呈現劑量反應。另一部份為動物模式，利用細胞實驗篩選出抑制 MAO 的紅龍果萃取物，進行動物實驗的檢測。採用 BALA/c 雌鼠(八十週大)，依體重隨機分成三組： C 組(控制組)及兩組紅龍果萃取物補充組， L 組 (1 g extract/kg diet) 及 H 組 (5 g extract/kg diet)，飼養七週後犧牲，測定其腦部、肝臟脂質過氧化程度 (TBARS)、單胺氧化酶及抗氧化酵素 (catalase、SOD及GPx) 活性。結果顯示 H 組老齡小鼠腦中單胺氧化酶活性較控制組低 (p＜0.05)。而肝中單胺氧化酶活性則不受飲食處理的影響。 TBARS 的部份， H 組腦部 TBARS 值低於 C 組 (p＜0.05)，而肝中 TBARS 則不受飲食處理的影響。抗氧化酵素 catalase 的部份， H 組肝臟 catalase 活性高於 C 組 (p＜0.05)， H 組腦部的 catalase活性，反而明顯較低 (p＜0.05)。 SOD 的部份，L、H 組腦部的 SOD 活性高於 C 組 (p＜0.05)，而肝臟結果看到紅龍果萃取物的添加，可提升老齡小鼠肝中 SOD 活性，但因 SD 較大所以未達統計上的差異。 GPx 的結果顯示肝臟及腦部中 GPx 活性不受飲食處理之影響。實驗結果顯示，高劑量 (5 g extract/kg diet) 紅龍果對老齡小鼠大腦中單胺氧化酶活性有抑制作用，也可降低腦中脂質過氧化程度。本實驗結果可作為預防老化食物選擇之依據。

The polyphenols are contained in colorful fruits, such as Hylocereus polyrhizus. The polyphenols are a group of natural dietary antioxidants, and are useful for health in dietary supplementation. The enzyme monoamine oxidase (MAO) is closely related to neurodegeneration disorders such as Parkinson’s disease, depression, etc. MAO enzyme activity increases during aging in the brain. For the reason, it is regarded as a physiological marker for aging. Moreover, the MAO Inhibitors are often used to treat the neurodegeneration diseases. The major purpose of this research is to build the anti-aging analysis model by MAO enzyme activity evaluation, and the Hylocereus polyrhizus constituents was used in this work. It includes two studies in our research. Firstly, The C6 cell (rat brain neuroglia cell line) was used for MAO enzyme activity assay. The result indicated that Hylocereus polyrhizus extracts demonstrate inhibition capacities on C6 cell MAO activity. The 80 weeks old female BALB/c mice were used as animal model in the following study. Mice were divided into 3 groups: (1) control group (C), (2) Hylocereus polyrhizus extracts low dose supplement group (L) (1g extract/kg diet), (3) Hylocereus polyrhizus extracts high dose supplement group (H) (5g extract/kg diet). The mice were fed the test diets for 7 weeks. These results suggested that MAO activity in brain showed significantly decrease in H group compared with C group. Thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS) levels were also significantly decreased in H group compared with C group in brain. The catalase activity in liver demonstrated significantly increase in L and H groups compared with C group. However, the catalase activity in brain showed significantly decrease in H group compared with C group. In addition, the SOD activity in brain was significantly increased in L and H groups compared with C group. In conclusion, the inhibition capacity of Hylocereus polyrhizus extracts in MAO enzyme activity has been established by these results of cell culture and animal models. These studies above can provide for the bases of food selections for neurodegenerative prevention.

目錄 i
圖目錄 v
表目錄 vi
誌謝 vii
縮寫對照表 i
中文摘要： ii
Abstract: iv
第一章 緒論 1
第一節 前言 1
第二節 文獻回顧 2
一、單胺氧化酶之介紹 2
1. 單胺氧化酶之作用、分類及分佈 2
2. 腦部老化疾病與單胺氧化酶的相關性 3
3. 單胺氧化酶與老化的相關性 4
4. 單胺氧化酶與氧化壓力 4
5. 單胺氧化酶與神經傳導 5
6. 食物成份對單胺氧化酶之影響 5
二、紅龍果之介紹 6
1. 紅龍果之簡介 6
2. 紅龍果之成分 7
3. 紅龍果之相關研究 7
三、多酚化合物之介紹 7
1. 何謂多酚化合物 8
2. 食物成分中之多酚化合物 8
3. 多酚化合物與神經退化性疾病之相關研究 8
四、抗氧化酵素之簡介 9
1. 超氧化物歧化酶 (Superoxide dismutase, SOD) 9
2. 過氧化氫酶 (Catalase, CAT) 9
3. 麩胱甘肽過氧化酶 (Glutathione peroxidase, GPx) 10
4. 抗氧化酵素與老化之相關研究 11
5. 多酚對抗氧化酵素之影響 11
第三節 研究目的與實驗設計 13
一、研究目的 13
二、實驗設計 14
三、實驗設計說明 15
第二章 利用細胞模式探討紅龍果成分對MAO之影響 16
第一節 前言 16
第二節 材料與方法 16
一、細胞株來源及培養條件 16
二、紅龍果萃取物之製備 17
三、紅龍果萃取物總多酚含量測定 17
四、紅龍果萃取物總類黃酮含量測定 17
五、單胺氧化酶活性之分析 18
六、半數抑制濃度(IC50)之計算 20
七、蛋白質測定 20
八、MAO活性計算及表示 21
九、細胞存活率分析 22
十、統計分析 23
第三節 結果 24
一、紅龍果萃取物總多酚含量 24
二、紅龍果萃取物對C6細胞生長之影響 24
三、紅龍果萃取物對C6細胞MAO之影響 25
第四節 討論 29
一、紅龍果萃取物之可能成分 29
二、紅龍果萃取物對C6細胞生長之影響 29
三、紅龍果萃取物抑制MAO活性的可能原因 30
第三章 利用動物模式探討紅龍果對大腦MAO之影響 32
第一節 前言 32
第二節 材料與方法 32
一、動物飼養 32
二、飼料之製備 33
三、動物犧牲 34
四、血樣收集 34
五、組織均質 35
六、TBARS測定 35
七、ORAC (Oxygen-radical absorbance capacity) 總抗氧化能力測定 36
八、老齡小鼠組織中單胺氧化酶活性之測定 38
九、組織中Catalase活性之測定 39
十、組織中GPx 活性之測定 40
十一、組織中SOD 活性之測定 42
十二、血清中GOT 活性之測定 43
十三、血清中GPT 活性之測定 44
十四、尿液測定 46
第三節 結果 47
一、動物生長及攝食情形 47
二、組織重量 47
三、補充紅龍果萃取物對老齡小鼠腦部及肝臟中單胺氧化酶活性之影響 47
四、補充紅龍果萃取物對老齡小鼠腦部及肝臟中抗氧化酵素活性之影響 48
五、補充紅龍果萃取物對老齡小鼠尿液之影響 48
六、補充紅龍果萃取物對老齡小鼠腦部及肝臟脂質過氧化之影響 49
七、補充紅龍果萃取物對老齡小鼠血清三酸甘油酯、肝功能指標之影響 49
八、補充紅龍果萃取物對老齡小鼠血清中總抗氧化能力之影響 49
九、脂質過氧化程度與單胺氧化酶活性之相關性分析 50
第四節 討論 69
一、紅龍果萃取物對動物生長之影響 69
二、紅龍果萃取物對動物體生化檢驗之影響 69
三、紅龍果萃取物對動物體氧化壓力之影響 70
四、紅龍果萃取物對動物大腦單胺氧化酶活性之影響 71
五、紅龍果萃取物對動物大腦及肝臟中抗氧化酵素活性之影響 72
第五節 結論 73
第四章 總結及未來展望 75
一、總結 75
二、未來展望 76
參考文獻: 77

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