永續經營和持續成長為企業追求的目標，然而企業成長是一個動態性複雜的系統，使企業常面臨資源配置、目標衝突等非預期的動態行為，而使企業無法順利成長。但多數管理者在有限理性的認知下，會依據過去的經驗或直覺擬定企業成長政策、設定企業目標，卻難以釐清企業真正遭遇的問題、企業欲達成的目標以及可選擇的方法，缺乏問題設定的能力，導致管理者可能選擇了不適當的成長策略，將企業帶入另一個不確定的情境中。
在面對企業遭遇的動態變化，成長策略並無最佳解，且應更符合實務運作，因此本研究透過行動反思的循環過程，與管理者共同發展個案公司之動態成長策略，藉由實際的行動來形塑問題，並且透過結果的回饋，不斷學習並調整其經營模式，直到與組織內部人員形成共識，找到滿意解。由於行動反思具有其困難性，因此本研究亦採用行動科學和系統動力學觀點，以介入者的角色，實際介入及討論企業運作，並藉由系統動力學之模型建立與模擬分析，找出一般中小企業在成長階段可能面臨之資源配置與目標衝突等動態性複雜問題，進而與管理者共同發展成長政策。透過此發展過程，克服企業潛在存在的衝突和矛盾，進而協助有限理性的管理者解決動態性複雜的問題，並改善其心智模式以提升其管理能力。

The goal that enterprises pursued is sustainable management and continuing growth. However, enterprise growth is a dynamic and complex system. And most managers’ cognitive is bounded rationality so that they will draft growth policy and setting goals according to past experience. But they can’t recognize what problems which enterprise confronted and what goals want to reach and what way can choose. Enterprises lack the ability to problem setting may result in managers chose the growth strategy unsuitably. And it will bring enterprises to another uncertain situation.
In the face of the dynamic and complex environment, the growth strategy don’t have the best solution and it should accord with practice operation. This research is to development dynamic growth strategy with managers according to cyclic process of reflection in action. It is to define the problem by the actual action and get the feedback of result to learning and adjusting the operation constantly until we can form the common understanding and satisfactory solutions with managers. Due to it is difficult to reflection in action, so this research use the viewpoint of action science and system dynamics to intervene and discuss enterprise's operation. And we build the system dynamics model to find the dynamic and complex problem of Small and Medium-sized Enterprise with growth phase and then development growth policies with managers. According to the development process, we can overcome the potential conflict and contradiction with enterprises. Then this research can help managers with bounded rationality to solve dynamic and complex problems and improve their mental model and promote their ability of management.

摘要 I
Abstract II
誌謝 III
目錄 IV
圖目錄 VI
1.緒論 1
1.1研究背景與動機 1
1.2研究目的 2
2.文獻探討 4
2.1行動科學與行動反思 4
2.2系統動力學 8
2.2.1系統動力學概述 8
2.2.2系統動力學建模程序 10
2.2.3參與式建模 14
2.2.4系統動力學應用於策略發展之限制 16
2.3小結 18
3.研究個案與方法 20
3.1研究方法 20
3.2個案背景 20
4.個案公司動態成長策略發展 23
4.1Stage 1：企業如何成長 24
4.1.1Stage 1之發展過程概述 24
4.1.2企業成長動力為何 26
4.1.3企業現行成長政策 27
4.2Stage 2：成長衝突與矛盾 34
4.2.1Stage 2 之發展過程概述 34
4.2.2現行政策之潛在動態性複雜問題 35
4.2.3共同發展成長政策設計 42
4.3Stage 3：突破成長限制 48
4.3.1Stage 3 之發展過程概述 48
4.3.2政策設計之有限成長問題 49
4.3.3突破企業成長限制 50
5.研究結論與建議 52
5.1研究結論 52
5.2研究限制與未來研究建議 54
參考文獻 55
附錄一、系統模式建構 58

1. 大前研一, 2006, 專業：你的唯一生存之道, 台北, 天下文化出版股份有限分司
2. 汪維揚、曾雅彩、孫培真, 2007, "軟體公司單發式成長動態現象之研究", 資訊管理學報, 第十四卷 第一期, 175~207頁
3. 周文祥、詹文明、江政達譯, 1999, 管理的實踐 (原著：Drucker, P. F., 1954, The Practice of Management), 台北, 中天出版社
4. 夏林清譯, 2000,行動科學(原著：C Argyris, R Putnam, DML Smith, 1985, Action Science), 台北, 遠流出版社
5. 夏林清譯, 2004,反映的實践者(原著：Schön, D. A , 1983, The Reflective Practitioner: How Professionals Think in Action), 台北, 遠流出版社
6. 許是祥譯, 1986, 企業策略管理 (原著：Aaker, D. A., 1984, Strategy Market Management), 台北, 中華企業管理發展中心
7. 郭進隆譯, 1994, 第五項修練 (原著：Senge, P. M., 1990, The Fifth Discpline -The Art and Practiceof The Learning Organization ), 台北, 天下遠見出版股份有限公司
8. 楊仲偉、江德鐘、蔡渭水, 2003, "中小企業特質與企業成長階段關係之研究", 中華管理學報, 第四卷 第二期, 45~58頁
9. 楊碩英, (1994), 再造組織的無限生機, 郭進隆譯, 1994, 第五項修練 (原著：Senge, P. M., 1990, The Fifth Discpline -The Art and Practiceof The Learning Organization ), 台北, 天下遠見出版股份有限公司
10. 蔡正雄譯, 1991, 競爭策略 (原著：Porter, M. E., 1980, Competitive strategy : techniques for analyzing industries and competitors), 台北, 華泰書局
11. 韓釗, 2002, 系統動力學 : 探索動態複雜之鑰, 台北, 華泰文化事業股份有限公司
12. Ackoff,R. L., 1975, The Second Industrial Revolution. Unpublished manuscript, Alban Institute Publication, Washington, D.C.
13. Andersen, D. F. & Richardson, G. P. & Vennix, J. A. M., 1997, “Group model building: adding more science to the craft”, System Dynamics Review, Vol. 13, No. 2, pp.187-201
14. Ansoff, I. H., 1957, "Strategies for Diversification", Harvard Business Review, Vol. 4, No. 4, pp.392-414
15. Forrester, J. W., 1961, Industrial Dynamics, Portland, OR: Productivity Press
16. Forrester, J. W., 1968, Principles of systems, Cambridge, MA: MIT Press
17. Forrester, J. W., 1994, "System dynamics, systems thinking, and soft OR", System Dynamics Review, Vol. 10, No. 2, pp.245 - 256
18. Grant, R.M.,1991,”The Resource-Based Theory of Competitive Advantage:Implications for Strategy Formulation”, California Management Review,Vol.33,pp.114-135
19. Goldratt, E.M. & Cox, J., (1992), The Goal: A Process of Ongoing Improvement, Great Barrington, North River Press
20. Levina, N., 2005, "Collaborating on Multiparty Information Systems Development Projects: A Collective Reflection-in-Action View", Information Systems Research, Vol. 16, No. 2, pp.109-130
21. Locke, E. A., 1996, "Motivation through conscious goal setting", Applied and Preventive Psychology, Vol. 5, No. 2, pp.117-124
22. Lyneis, J. M., 1980, “System dynamics for business strategy: a phased approach”, System Dynamics Review, Volume 15, pp. 37 - 70
23. Luna-Reyes, L. F. & Martinez-Moyano, I. J. & Pardo, T. A. et al., 2006, "Anatomy of a group model-building intervention: building dynamic theory from case study research", System Dynamics Review, Vol. 22, No. 4, pp. 291-320
24. Mintzberg, H.&Lampel,L.,1999,”Reflecting on the strategy process”, Sloan management review, Vol. 40, No. 3, pp. 21-30
25. Morecroft, J. D. W. & Sterman, J.D., 1992, “Modelling for Learning”, Special issue of the European Journal of Operational Research, Vol. 59, pp. 9-27
26. Odiorne, G. S., 1965, Management by objectives: A System of Managerial Leadership, New York, Pittman Publishing Corp
27. Oliva, R. & Sterman, J. D. & Giese, M., 2003, "Limits to growth in the new economy: exploring the 'get big fast' strategy in e-commerce.", System Dynamics Review, Vol. 19, No. 2, pp.83-117
28. Penrose, E., 1955, "Limits to the Growth and Size of Firms", The American Economic Review, Vol. 45, No. 2, pp.531-543
29. Rodgers, R. & Hunter, J. E., 1992, "A Foundation of Good Management Practice in Government: Management by Objectives ", Public Administration Review, Vol. 52, No. 1, pp.27-39
30. Schön, D. A., 1983, The Reflective Practitioner: How Professionals Think in Action, San Francisco, Jossey-Bass
31. Simon, H.,1957, Rationality and decision making. Models of Man. NY: Wiley.
32. Sterman, J. D., 2000, Business dynamics: systems thinking and modeling for a complex world, New York, McGraw-Hill
33. Thompson, J. D., (1967), Organizations in Action, New York, McGraw-Hill
34. Vennix, J. A. M., 1996, Group Model Building: Facilitating Team Learning Using System Dynamics, England: John Wiley & Sons
35. Vennix, J. A. M. & Forrester, J. W., 1999, “Group model-building: tackling messy problems”, System Dynamics Review, Vol. 15, No. 4, pp.379-401