臺灣博碩士論文加值系統

每種材料皆有它適合的使用場合與功能，如何從各種材料的摩擦磨損性能中，挑選出軸封對磨面的最佳化配對，為本研究的主要目的。本研究係針對各式陶瓷軸封配合材料，如碳化矽、石墨、碳化鎢、氧化鋁、氧化鋯、氮化矽等工業界常用陶瓷材料，在乾摩擦以及水潤滑條件下，模擬軸封材料的配對情況，來進行研究，並透過軸封測試機及球對盤磨耗試驗機的實驗，量測各材料配對的性質，且利用光學顯微鏡與表面粗度儀，建立出一系列磨損、摩擦資料庫，並針對兩測試機台試驗結果找出關聯性。
本研究實驗分成兩部分進行，第一部分是為模擬碳化矽、石墨、碳化鎢陶瓷材料配對在軸封運轉時的磨耗情形，將碳化鎢、常壓燒結型碳化矽、反應結合型碳化系三種材料，與浸樹脂材石墨料和浸銻石墨材料互相配對，並局部修改祥景公司所自行研發設計的軸封測試機，達到線上量測操作溫度的功能，以進行測試流程，並透過分析實驗所得溫度、表面粗度等結果，以了解各材料在軸封上的磨潤狀況，且對其組織與性能利用光學顯微鏡與表面粗度儀進行分析。經過實驗觀察，發現浸樹脂石墨A與浸銻石墨A材料分別為浸樹脂石墨與浸銻石墨中，升溫表現最優良的材料，其中浸銻石墨A擁有穩定的溫升，實驗最初10分鐘內升溫量為14℃，實驗最後10分鐘升溫量只剩不到1℃，升溫量隨時進行而逐漸降低並達到穩定，因此在第二部份實驗中，將對兩浸漬石墨材料製成石墨盤，與氧化鋁、氧化鋯、氮化矽、不鏽鋼等球型材料進行配對。
實驗第二部分為利用球對盤磨耗試驗機，以數據擷取系統，進行材料磨耗試驗即時量測。探討氧化鋁、氧化鋯、氮化矽、不鏽鋼在不同負載的水潤滑及乾摩擦等運轉條件下，材料的摩擦磨損性能，並根據實驗所得到的數據繪製各材料摩擦係數的動態圖，加以分析，目的在比較各配對材料的優劣性。同時也以光學顯微鏡與表面粗度儀進行材料磨損表面分析研究。實驗結果顯示材料在水潤滑狀態下，其摩擦係數將大幅降低。如氧化鋁，在乾摩擦時的摩擦係數為0.329，比在水潤滑下的摩擦係數0.047還高。而在30N下水潤滑情況下，實驗約15小時後(滑動距離約30000m)，其系統摩擦係數能更快速通過磨合期，進而使摩擦係數達到穩定。而透過球對盤磨耗試驗機的實驗結果，我們也發現陶瓷材料／浸漬石墨比金屬材料／浸漬石墨有更出色的磨潤特性。在磨耗量方面，不管是乾摩擦還是水潤滑，浸樹脂石墨盤的磨耗率都比浸銻石墨盤的磨耗率還要高，如浸樹脂石墨盤／氧化鋁球在乾摩擦時的磨耗率（1.2169％）比浸銻石墨盤／氧化鋁球的磨耗率（0.3549％）來個高。

The purpose of the present study is to find out the optimal mating pairs of seal materials from the wear and friction performance of the mating pairs. From the combinations between various ceramic materials (e.g. SiC, graphite, WC, Al2O3、ZrO2 and Si3N4), they are tested on the Model Tester under conditions of dry and water lubrication to discuss the wear and friction performance of the mating pairs. In addition, pin-on-disk (POD) tribological test and the optical microscope and surface roughness apparatus are utilized to generate tribological data, to analysis of the experimental data, respectively. The correlations of POD and Model Tester are discussed.
The first part is to simulate the realistic mating conditions in Model Tester which was designed by SCENIC. SiC, graphite and WC ceramic materials are used to match against impregnation resin graphite and impregnation antimony graphite.The Model Tester is modified to realize on-line monitoring the temperature.From the measured temperature and surface roughness, and investigates the lubricant states for various material on seal using experimental results. Furthermore, the anatomic and function are analyzed using OM and surface roughness apparatus. As the results, both the impregnation resin graphite A and impregnation antimony graphite A are the optimal material for heating behavior, The impregnation antimony graphite A have steady heating behavior. Temperature rises 14℃ that experiment initial 10 minutes. And temperature rises 1℃ that experiment final 10 minutes. the temperature as time reduces and the controllability is stable, hence, the impregnation antimony graphite disk are matched with ball of Al2O3, ZrO2, Si3N4, steel.
Experiment second part for use POD and AD/DA system to record friction coefficient.Discuss different load condition of Si3N4、Al2O3、ZrO2、Stainless steel materials of friction and wear property in the dry and water lubrication. According to the data to drew the friction coefficient and analyse，the purpose is compare that different mating pairs material.The anatomic and function are analyzed using OM and surface roughness apparatus. Experimental result display that friction coefficient will be reduced in water lubricating. Such as the Al2O3, the friction coefficient is 0.329 in dry lubricate higher than 0.047 in water. In load 30N,water lubrication,After experiment about 15 hours (slip distance 30000m),The friction coefficient can faster through the running-in, then to make the friction coefficient reach steadily. And we find the ceramic／graphite than the metal／graphite have more quality wear property. About wear rate, No matter the dry or water lubricated. Impregnation resin graphite of wear rate higher than impregnation antimony graphite. Such as Impregnation resin graphite disk／Al2O3 ball of wear rate（1.2169％） higher than impregnation antimony graphite disk／Al2O3（0.3549％）.

摘要---------------------------------------------------------- i
英文摘要------------------------------------------------------- iii
誌謝------------------------------------------------------------ v
目錄------------------------------------------------------------ vi
表目錄---------------------------------------------------------- ix
圖目錄--------------------------------------------------------- xi
符號說明 ------------------------------------------------------- xv
一、緒論-------------------------------------------------------- 1
1.1機械軸封的介紹------------------------------------------------ 1
1.2摩擦磨損及影響------------------------------------------------ 1
1.3軸封與磨潤的發展---------------------------------------------- 2
1.4文獻回顧----------------------------------------------------- 2
1.4.1軸封陶瓷材料------------------------------------------------ 2
1.4.2摩擦磨損的基本理論------------------------------------------- 3
1.4.3水潤滑理論-------------------------------------------------- 6
1.4.4陶瓷磨損機理概述-------------------------------------------- 8
1.4.5文獻總結--------------------------------------------------- 11
1.5研究動機----------------------------------------------------- 12
1.6研究目的----------------------------------------------------- 13
二、實驗材料特性介紹---------------------------------------------- 16
2.1碳化鎢材料特性討論--------------------------------------------- 16
2.2碳化矽材料特性介紹--------------------------------------------- 17
2.3石墨材料特性討論---------------------------------------------- 21
2.3.1石墨的浸漬-------------------------------------------------- 21
2.4氧化鋁材料特性討論--------------------------------------------- 29
2.5氮化矽材料特性討論--------------------------------------------- 29
2.6氧化鋯材料特性討論--------------------------------------------- 30
2.7SUS316不鏽鋼材料特性討論---------------------------------------31
三、實驗設備與流程-------------------------------------------------33
3.1實驗設備----------------------------------------------------- 33
3.1.1軸封試驗機-------------------------------------------------- 33
3.1.2實驗軸封----------------------------------------------------34
3.1.3球對盤磨耗試驗機-------------------------------------------- 35
3.1.4奈米三維量測儀及奈米薄膜材料試驗機----------------------------- 37
3.2實驗流程----------------------------------------------------- 38
3.2.1使用軸封測試機進行實驗--------------------------------------- 38
3.2.2使用磨耗試驗機進行實驗--------------------------------------- 40
3.2.3使用奈米三維量測儀及奈米薄膜材料試驗機進行實驗-------------------42
四、結果與討論--------------------------------------------------- 44
4.1實驗材料分析討論---------------------------------------------- 44
4.1.1陶瓷材料之奈米壓痕分析討論------------------------------------ 44
4.1.2陶瓷材料之元素分析討論--------------------------------------- 46
4.2軸封試驗機試之試驗結果與討論------------------------------------ 70
4.2.1陶瓷配對材料實驗升溫變化討論---------------------------------- 70
4.2.2陶瓷配對材料實驗溫差討論------------------------------------- 74
4.2.3陶瓷配對材料表面粗度與金相圖討論------------------------------ 79
4.3使用球對盤磨耗試驗機之結果討論---------------------------------- 89
4.3.1陶瓷配對材料在正向負載30N水潤滑條件下的磨潤特性討論--------------89
4.3.2陶瓷配對材料在正向負載5N水潤滑條件下的磨潤特性討論---------------92
4.3.3陶瓷配對材料在不同正向負載，水潤滑條件下之磨潤特性討論------------95
4.3.4陶瓷配對材料在正向負載5N乾摩擦條件下的磨潤特性討論---------------97
4.3.5陶瓷配對材料在正向負載5N下，不同潤滑方式之磨潤特性討論-----------100
4.3.6陶瓷配對材料之表面粗度與金相圖討論----------------------------- 102
4.3.7陶瓷配對材料之磨耗量討論------------------------------------- 122
4.3.8陶瓷配對材料表面粗度與磨耗量之討論----------------------------- 128
4.4陶瓷材料之晶粒討論--------------------------------------------- 129
4.4.1陶瓷材料之晶粒大小與晶粒間距討論------------------------------ 129
4.4.2晶粒尺寸對摩擦的影響討論------------------------------------- 131
4.4.3陶瓷材料之晶格常數討論--------------------------------------- 131
五、結論與未來展望------------------------------------------------ 133
5.1結論----------------------------------------------------------133
5.2未來展望----------------------------------------------------- 134
參考文獻 --------------------------------------------------------135

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