臺灣博碩士論文加值系統

Contract Research Organization (CRO) industry has been a fast growingservice sector within the pharmaceutical and biotechnology industry since the early 1980’s. Aiming at assisting its clients in obtaining product registration and market approval from the health authorities (i.e. Food and Drug Administration of the US and Department of Health of Taiwan), CRO’s provide extensive consultations as well as clinical research and management services, covering both pre-clinical and clinical arenas.
In recent years, global CRO’s have been expanding towards the Southeastern Asian (thereafter “SEA”) region targeting, Singapore, Taiwan, Hong Kong, China, and South Korea. While most of the empirical research on market entry mode has targeted the manufacturing industries, more recent studies have been completed on service sectors targeting advertising and financing industries. Since the history of CRO is relatively short, limited study has been performed on this industry, especially on the international entry patterns and behaviors for the CRO industry. This research document examines the current environments of CRO industry in Taiwan and Singapore and the factors influencing international company’s decisions on the entry mode. A recommendation of the best options to enter Taiwan and Singapore for the international CRO’s is presented. The paper concludes with findings as well as recommendations for further investigation directions.

Chapter 1
RATIONALE AND SELECTION OF RESEARCH TOPIC………………………......1
1.1 Introduction of CRO……………………………………………………………......1
1.2 Review of the current CRO market entry behaviors in Taiwan and Singapore……………………………………………………………………......... 1
1.3 Objectives of Research………………………………………………….......2

Chapter 2
LITERATURE REVIEW………………………………………………………………………............3
2.1 The Industry……………………………………………………………………….........3
2.1.1 Industry Background………..…………………………………...........3
2.1.2 Service Industry and Unique Characteristics of CRO in Providing Clinical Management and Testing Services………5
2.1.3 CRO Expansion into the Southeast Asia region……… 6
2.2 Type of International Market Entries…………………………..6
2.2.1 Merger and Acquisition…………….…………………………..........7
2.2.2 Greenfield Investment…………………………………………...........7
2.2.3 Joint Venture………………………………………………………..............8
2.3 Market Entry and Ownership…………………………………………………...9
2.4 Literature Review on Service Sector…………………………...10
2.4.1 Factors Influencing Entry Modes………………………….......11
2.4.2 Firm-Specific Advantages……………………………………..........14

Chapter 3
RESEARCH METHOD………………………………………………………………………..............17
3.1 Research Design…………………………………………………………………........17
3.2 Sample………………………………………………………………………………............17
3.3 Questionnaire and Interviews………………………………........18
3.4 Data Analysis and Validation………………………………….......19

Chapter 4
RESULTS AND DISCUSSION………………………………………………………………..........20
4.1 Entry Mode Pattern……………………………………………….……………......22
4.2 Entry Behaviors………………………………………………….……………….......23
4.3 Influential Factors and country Specific Findings.. 24
4.3.1 Cultural Factors……………………..……………………….............24
4.3.2 Government Factors……………………………………................26
4.3.3 Regulatory Factors………………………………………………............27
4.3.4 Resource Factors………………………………………………….............30
4.3.6 Cost Factors………………………………………………………...............31
4.3.7 Country Summary………………………………………………...............31
4.4 Future CRO Environment in Taiwan and Singapore .35

Chapter 5
RECOMMENDATIONS AND FURTHER RESEARCH………………………………….......37
BIBLIOGRAPHY AND REFERENCE WEBSITES.....................38
Bibliography……………………………………………………………………………………............38
Reference Websites…………………………………………………………………………..........40

APPENDIX 42
1 Questionnaire Questions……………………………………………………………….....42
2 Telephonic Interview Questions………………………….…..........43
3 Country Summary………………………………………………………………………..........44
4 SWOT Analysis, Taiwan and Singapore…………………………………....46

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ii. Reference Websites
Coface Risk Rating: www.coface-usa.com/
PubMed: www.pubmed.com , Attitude towards clinical trials: results of a survey of persons interested in research, accessed on May 28th, 2006
Paraxel International: http://www.parexel.com/about/locations.asp
Kendle International: http://www.kendle.com/)
Quintiles Transnational: http://www.quintiles.com/Corporate_Info/default.htm
Covance: http://www.covance.com/aboutcvd/index.php
ICON Clinical: www.iconclinical.com
PRA International: www.prainternational.com
Protech Pharmaservices Corporation: www.ppccro.com
Apex International: www.apex-cro.com/about_us.htm
Contract Research Organization: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Contract_research_organizatio
Biopolis Development : www.temasekholdings.com.sg
Taiwan Industry Outlooks- Biotechnoloy/Pharmaceutial Industryhttp://www.biopharm.org.tw/download/pdf/incentive_taiwan.pdf